罗建平 陈欢 翁健



摘要:为评价公交调度编排是否高效合理,提出了一种总体成本最优的公交调度编排计划评价模型,该模型综合评估影响公交调度编排的社会效益和企业经济效益,在满足乘客需求的情况下尽可能减少公交企业运营成本,以乘客服务质量核算社会效益,以企业载客成本、空程成本、财政投入成本、票价收入等多项指标计算企业运营成本。最后,通过对实际线路进行分析验证模型的可行性,实验表明:该模型可以在满足乘客服务的同时节约企业成本。
Abstract: In order to evaluate the rationality of bus dispatch scheduling, an evaluation model of bus dispatching and scheduling with the best overall cost is proposed. This model comprehensively evaluates the benefits of social and corporate economic about bus dispatching and scheduling. It may reduce the operating cost of public transport enterprises in the case of meeting the needs of passengers. The model can calculate the social benefits based on the quality of passenger services, and calculate the operating costs of enterprises based on multiple indicators such as the cost of carrying passengers, the cost of driving with no passengers, the cost of financial input, and the revenue of fares. Finally, the feasibility of the model is verified by analyzing the actual route. The experiment shows that the model can save the enterprise cost and satisfy the passenger service at the same time.
关键词:公交;车辆编排;评价;公交调度
Key words: bus;vehicle scheduling;evaluation;bus dispatch
中图分类号:U12;U491.17 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-4311(2020)17-0034-04
0 引言
城市公交车辆调度编排是指在车辆运营调度以前安排車辆行车计划,形成行车计划表,用于指导公交实时调度。公交车辆调度编排需要考虑的影响因素非常多,传统公交调度系统运营评价通靠调度人员经验判断调度好坏,主观性太强,并且没有统一标准。许多学者从不同角度提出了对公交编排的评价方法,如Saharidis等[1-2]通过建立了以乘客最小等待时长为目标函数的评价模型;郝娜等[3]基于公交公司运营成本最小为目标构建公交车辆编排模型,用于评估公交人员编排;谭英嘉等[4-5]建立了城市公交三级评价指标体系结构,从宏观层面对城市常规公交实现了评价。
由于城市公共交通属于市政便民工程,公交车辆编排需要在考虑企业运营成本的同时兼顾社会效益,如果发班过于密集成本太高,企业入不敷出、难以经营,发班稀疏则乘客等候时间长、服务质量差,评价公交车辆编排好坏不能单一从乘客或企业运营角度出发,需要同时考虑社会效益和企业经济效益。……