地貌类型和土地利用方式对浙南地区耕地土壤肥力的影响

张丽君 张禹 吴学荣 张佳佳

摘 要：為了解浙南地区不同地貌类型和土地利用方式对耕地土壤肥力的影响，以平阳县为例，比较分析了水网平原、滨海平原、河谷平原、山地丘陵等4种地貌类型和茶园、水田、番薯地、果园、蔬菜地、抛荒地等6种利用方式之间耕地土壤肥力的差异。结果表明，从山地丘陵至河谷平原到滨海平原、水网平原，土壤有机质含量、全氮、保蓄能力、速效钾呈现增加趋势，土壤酸度减弱。土壤有效磷以山地丘陵区最高，其次为河谷平原，而水网平原的土壤最低。茶园和番薯地土壤的酸度明显高于其他用地，稻田土壤的pH值略高于其他用地;土壤有机质积累和氮素积累以稻田为最高;土壤有效磷以抛荒地最低，而果园、番薯地和其他用地相对较高;土壤速效钾含量以果园较高，其他用地之间差异不大。总体上，平阳县耕地土壤肥力具有酸化明显、土壤保蓄能力较弱、速效钾素不足及土壤缺磷较为普遍等特点。因此，建议增加有机肥投入，适当增施钾肥，合理施用磷肥，加强耕地土壤酸化的治理。

关键词：土壤肥力;地貌类型;土地利用方式;耕地;酸化;有效钾

中图分类号 S158文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2020）09-0115-05

Effects of Geomorphic Types and Land-use Patterns on Soil Fertility of Cultivated Land in Southern Zhejiang Province

——Taking Pingyang County as an Example

Zhang Lijun1 et al.

（1Pingyang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau， Pingyang 325400， China）

Abstract： To understand the influence of geomorphic types and land use patterns on the soil fertility of cultivated land in southern Zhejiang， Pingyang county was taken as an example to compare and analyze the difference in the soil fertility of cultivated land between four geomorphic types of water network plain， coastal plain， valley plain， mountain and hill and six utilization patterns of tea garden， paddy field， sweet potato land， orchard， vegetable land， abandoned land.The results showed that， from mountain hills to river valley plain to coastal plain and water network plain， soil organic matter content， total nitrogen， CEC， and available potassium increased， soil acidity decreased， soil available phosphorus was the highest in mountain hills region， followed by river valley plain， and the lowest in water network plain.The soil acidity of tea garden and sweet potato land was significantly higher than that of other land， and the pH value of paddy soil was slightly higher than that of other land.Accumulation of soil organic matter and nitrogen was the highest in paddy field.Wasteland had the lowest available phosphorus， while orchard， sweet potato land and other land had relatively high available phosphorus.Content of soil available potassium was higher in orchard， and there was little difference among other land.On the whole， the soil fertility of Pingyang county was characterized by obvious acidification， low soil CEC， and lack of available potassium and phosphorus.Therefore， it is necessary to increase the input of organic fertilizer， potassium fertilizer， and phosphorus fertilizer， and intensify the control of soil acidification.

Key words： Soil fertility; Geomorphic type; Land use pattern; Cultivated land; Acidification; Available potassium

土壤肥力是耕地地力的中心[1-2]，对农作物生长和产量起着非常重要的影响。因此，认识耕地土壤肥力的形成及地理空间差异的原因，对于深入理解耕地地力的空间异质性和培育土壤肥力具有重要的指导意义[3-5]。耕地土壤肥力是多种因素综合作用的产物，自然条件、人为活动、管理水平等均可对耕地肥力产生影响[6-7]。……