外源氯化胆碱和氯化钙对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生理特性的影响

侍瑞高 赵慧云 戚名扬 党长喜 李威 黄慧雅 林欢

摘要 [目的]研究外源氯化胆碱和氯化钙对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长及生理特性的影响。[方法]以6个小麦品种为材料，采用不同浓度NaCl溶液模拟盐胁迫环境，选择出在0.8%NaCl溶液下萌发抑制率在50%左右的偃高21、安农0711种子。在此基础上，研究外源氯化胆碱和外源氯化钙对盐胁迫下（0.8% NaCl）偃高21和安农0711种子萌发及生理特性的影响。[结果]盐胁迫下小麦种子发芽势和发芽率显著降低，并隨盐浓度的增加胁迫加剧，但不同小麦品种耐盐性有一定的差异;盐胁迫下小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、可溶性糖含量和根系活力显著下降，丙二醛含量和脯氨酸含量显著升高;与盐胁迫处理比较，通过不同浓度外源氯化胆碱和氯化钙的介入，不同程度缓解了盐胁迫下对小麦种子萌发的抑制，显著增加了盐胁迫下小麦幼苗叶绿素含量、提高了根系活力、降低了幼苗丙二醛和脯氨酸含量，促进了可溶性糖含量的增加。[结论]400 mg/L外源氯化胆碱和0.2%外源氯化钙是在盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长缓解的最佳浓度，外源氯化胆碱的缓解效应优于外源氯化钙。

关键词 氯化胆碱;氯化钙;盐胁迫;小麦;种子萌发;幼苗生理特性

中图分类号 S512.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2020）14-0022-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.007

Abstract [Objective]To determine the effects of choline chloride and calcium chloride on wheat seed germination， seedling growth and physiological characteristics under salt stress.[Method]With six wheat varieties as materials， different concentrations of NaCl were used to simulate salt stress environment. Yangao 21 and Annong 0711 seeds were selected to inhibit germination at about 50% under 0.8% NaCl solution. Based on this， effects of exogenous choline chloride and calcium on germination and physiological characteristics of Yangao 21 and Annong 0711 under salt stress （0.8% NaCl） were studied. [Result]Salt stress significantly reduced the germination potential and germination rate of wheat seeds， and enhanced the stress with the increase of salt concentration， but there were some differences in salt tolerance among different wheat varieties. Under 0.8% NaCl stress， chlorophyll content， soluble sugar content and root activity of wheat seedlings decreased significantly， while malondialdehyde content and proline content increased significantly. Compared with salt stress treatment， the intervention of different concentrations of exogenous CC and CaCl2 eased the inhibition of wheat seed germination under salt stress at different degrees， significantly increased the chlorophyll content of wheat seedlings under salt stress， increased the root activity， reduced the malondialdehyde and proline contents of seedlings， and promoted the increase of soluble sugar content. [Conclusion]400 mg/L exogenous CC and 0.2% CaCl2 were the best concentrations for wheat seed germination and seedling growth alleviation under salt stress， the alleviation effect of exogenous CC was better than that of CaCl2.

Key words Choline chloride;CaCl2;Salt stress;Wheat;Seed germination;Physiological characteristics of seedlings

土壤盐渍化对农业生产活动产生的影响是一个全球性的问题，世界上大约有20%的灌溉土壤受到盐度的影响，且呈不断恶化的趋势[1-2]。预计至2050年，可耕地的50%面临盐渍化和近半数以上的土壤均受到了不同程度的盐害影响[3]。……