甘州区土地利用与生态系统服务价值关系的实证研究

魏阳阳

摘要 分析土地利用与生态系统服务价值的关系，可以为土地规划和资源可持续利用提供科学依据。以甘肃省张掖市甘州区为例，研究了2010—2016年该区土地利用变化情况，同时建立与生态系统服务价值的空间联系，以期为缓和该地经济发展与生态环境之间的矛盾提供科学依据。结果发现，甘州区土地利用随着城市化进程的推进变化显著，其中建设用地变化率最大，主要由耕地和水域转入。未利用地主要转化为耕地，面积逐年下降。耕地面积总体有所增加，呈先增后减的特点。林地、草地、园地和水域面积变化幅度较小，且均呈下降趋势;土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值影响强烈，土地生态系统服务价值总体逐渐降低，主要由建设用地面积快速增加和水域面积减少所致。因此，政府应合理利用土地，协调好经济发展与环境的关系。

关键词 土地利用变化;生态系统服务价值;实证研究;甘州区

中图分类号 F301.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2020）14-0057-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.016

Abstract Analysis of the relationship between land use and ecosystem service value can provide a scientific basis for land planning and sustainable resource use. Ganzhou District of Zhangye City， Gansu Province was taken as an example to research land use change from 2010 to 2016，at the same time， using the data obtained to establish a spatial connection between land use change and ecosystem service value，in order to provide a scientific basis for easing the contradiction between economic development and ecological environment.Research indicated that with the advancement of urbanization，land use in Ganzhou District of Zhangye City has changed significantly，the construction rate was the largest，transferred to land was mainly cultivated land and waters.Unutilized land was mainly converted into cultivated land，and the area was decreasing year by year.The total area of cultivated land has increased，presenting the characteristics of increasing first and then decreasing.The range of change of forest， grassland， garden and water area were small ，and all showed a downward trend.Land use change had a strong impact on the value of ecosystem services，the value of land ecosystem services was overall reduction，the main factors were the increase of construction land area and the reduction of water area. Therefore， the government should make rational use of land and coordinate the relationship between economic development and the environment.

Key words Land use change;Value of ecosystem services;Empirical study;Ganzhou District

土地資源是人类赖以生存的基础，是人类活动的重要载体，离开土地，任何生物都无处可去，人类也失去了发展的基础。对土地进行开发利用是人类开发和改造自然系统的重要标志，是人类与自然系统关系的最直接体现。土地利用变化带动了社会经济的增长，创造了物质财富，但同时对生态系统也产生了较大影响。近年来，城市周边的农用地由于城镇化发展而被大量侵占的问题时有发生，既增加了生态风险，又导致农业生态系统服务功能不断下降，环境压力巨大。……