皖东地质高背景区土壤重金属污染分析及人体健康风险评价

江红艳 王寅

摘要 针对皖东高地质背景区不同用地类型土壤和农作物中重金属进行污染分析，并对该区域进行人体健康风险评价。结果表明，岩石风化形成的玄武岩质土壤中重金属Cr、Ni超标率已达88%和68%;协同监测农产品（水稻、花生、玉米、甘薯）中重金属污染指 数Pi均 小于1，农产品未超标。健康风险评价结果显示，花生污染指数 HI 为0.97，水稻中Cu和Pb的最大污染指数分别达0.99和0.94，虽然皖东地质高背景区土壤目前不存在多种重金属引发的人体健康风险，后期相关主管部门仍需要关注食用花生对人体健康风险以及水稻中的Cu和Pb环境质量问题，进行土壤和农产品的跟踪协同监测。

关键词 地质高背景;玄武岩风化;重金属;人体健康风险评价

中图分类号 X820.4 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）14-0078-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.021

Abstract Pollution of heavy metals in soils and crops of different land types with high geological background area in Eastern Anhui Province was analyzed， and human health risks were evaluated in this area.The results showed that the heavy metals Cr and Ni in basalt soil formed by rock weathering exceed the standard，over-standard rate reached 88%，68%.The heavy metal pollution index Pi of agricultural products （rice， peanut， corn， sweet potato） was all less than 1， and the agricultural products did not exceed the standard.At present，hazard index（ HI ）of peanut was 0.97， the biggest HI for Cu and Pb in rice reached 0.99 and 0.94 respectively.The results showed that heavy metal health risks in soil with high geological background area did not exist a variety of human health risk， but related departments still need to focus on food safety with the human health risk of peanuts and environment quality of Cu and Pb in rice for tracking and collaborative monitoring of soil and agricultural products.

Key words High geological background area; Basalt weathering; Heavy metals;Human health risk assessment

根據生态环境部2014 年发布的《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》[1]，全国土壤环境状况总体不容乐观，部分地区土壤污染较重，耕地土壤环境质量堪忧。工矿业、农业等人为活动以及土壤环境背景值高是造成土壤污染或超标的主要原因[2]。全国土壤总超标率为16.1%，其中耕地土壤点位超标率为19.4%，轻微、轻度、中度和重度污染点位比例分别为13.7%、2.8%、1.8%和1.1%，主要污染物为镉、镍、铜、砷、汞、铅、滴滴涕和多环芳烃。耕地土壤质量是粮食安全生产的前提，研究发现[3-4]，重金属可以通过食物链在人体和其他生物体内富集，从而对人类健康产生威胁。近年来，我国由于土壤重金属污染所引发的食品安全问题也是频频发生，日渐成为广大民众关心的热点问题。……