刘军林 刘舰林 刘福元 罗志根 金敏

摘要 新疆是传统的畜牧养殖区,也是大农业耕种区,新疆兵团更是大农业的代表。在新疆兵团大面积推广生物有机肥是生态文明建设、农业可持续发展、农产品安全的需要,更是历史发展的必然。2018年度兵团年内牲畜出栏增长11.3%,大量的牲畜粪便为有机肥、生物有机肥提供了原料资源,为兵团大农业推广应用生物有机肥提供了基础。随着绿色有机农产品的深入人心,化肥零增长计划的实施,有机肥行业的转型升级,新工艺、新产品的不断涌现,在兵团发展生物有机肥前景很好。
关键词 生物有机肥;兵团;应用与展望
中图分类号 S144 文献标识码 A
文章编号 0517-6611(2020)14-0083-02
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.022
Abstract Xinjiang is a traditional animal husbandry area and a large-scale farming area. The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is a representative of large-scale agriculture. The large-scale promotion of bio-organic fertilizer in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps is not only necessary for the construction of ecological civilization, sustainable agricultural development and safety of agricultural products, but also inevitable for the historical development. In 2018, the production of livestock in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps increased by 11.3%, a large amount of animal manure provides raw material for organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer. It also provides a basis for the popularization and application of biological organic fertilizer in large agriculture of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. With the popularization of green organic agricultural products, the implementation of chemical fertilizer zero growth plan, the transformation and upgrading of organic fertilizer industry, the emergence of new technology and new products, the development of biological organic fertilizer in the Corps has a bright future.
Key words Microbial organic fertilizer;The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps;Application and prospect
新疆耕地面积大,仅兵团就有耕地面积136.277万hm2[1]。多年来,兵团农业施肥存在有机肥料与化肥施肥不平衡、作物品种间肥料投入不平衡、化肥施用不合理、土壤有机质持续减少等问题。目前,我国的土壤有机质平均含量为1.8%,西方发达国家则为3.5%,要发展绿色有机农业,提高农产品质量品质,提高土壤整体地力是需要解决的主要问题。质量较高的土壤是物理性、生物性和化学性都很好的土壤,它具有较好的排水性、透气性、保水性和保肥性,能为微生物的繁殖生长创造良好的环境。
农业部行业标准NY884—2012将生物有机肥(microbial organic fertilizer) 定义为: 添加具有特定功能微生物,并经过发酵腐熟形成的一类兼具微生物肥和有机肥效应的肥料[2]。据此,生物有机肥应该同时具备特定微生物的功能和有机肥的作用。……