艺术视角下山地乡村景观建设策略研究

何佳凌 周建华

摘要 在过去的20年间，从“新农村建设”到“乡村振兴”战略不断深化，中国乡村经济飞速发展。艺术突破城市界限，对乡村的社会、经济和文化方面产生强烈冲击，演变出艺术村、画家村、油画村。山地乡村在传统单一发展模式下，出现了空心化、生态环境退化、乡土文化受损、同质化等问题。以重庆綦江县古剑山艺术村为例，通过对艺术村发展沿革、人文背景等方面的梳理，研究了现状风貌与景观构成要素，分析和对比山地艺术村与传统乡村的表现差异。最后在山地乡村景观的活态保护、山地资源整合、景观受众等方面提出策略，为传统山地乡村的发展与振兴，开拓新思路。

关键词 山地乡村景观;艺术;景观建设策略

中图分类号 TU982.29 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）14-0108-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.029

Abstract In the past 20 years，Chinas rural economy has developed rapidly from the strategy of “new rural construction” to “village revitali-zation”.Art breaks through the boundaries of cities，and has a strong impact on the social，economic and cultural aspects of the countryside，and has evolved into art villages，painter villages，and oil painting villages.Under the traditional single development model of mountainous villages，problems such as hollowing，degradation of the ecological environment，damage to local culture，and homogenization have occurred.Taking Gujianshan Art Village in Qijiang County，Chongqing as an example，through reviewing the development of the art village，the cultural background，and other aspects，the current situation and landscape elements were studied，and the performance differences between the mountain art village and the traditional village were analyzed and compared.Finally，it put forward strategies in the aspects of lively protection of mountain and rural landscapes，integration of mountain resources，and landscape audiences，in order to open up new ideas for the development and revitalization of traditional mountain villages.

Key words Mountainous rural landscape;Art;Landscape construction strategy

近年來，部分城市周边乡村出现群体租种土地、长期租住农宅用于艺术写生等现象，借此引入旅游者、艺术家等城市住民，并由此应运而生了以北京宋庄艺术村和深圳大芬油画村为代表，在艺术影响下建设的乡村。

2018年10月，国家发展改革委等13个部门联合印发《促进乡村旅游发展提质升级行动方案（2018年—2020年）》，鼓励各方力量参与乡村建设，提升乡村景观质量。艺术在乡村建设转型的浪潮中，无法漠然处之。以渠岩、左靖、靳勒等艺术家为例，在许村、碧山村等乡村中探索和实践着艺术村的构想，得到了社会的认可和支持。

我国作为一个多山的国家，广义山地约占国土面积60%以上[1]。随着我国快速城镇化步伐的加快，山地乡村受地理区位的限制，人地矛盾、基础设施落后、乡土文化退化、生态环境脆弱等问题逐渐凸显。……