不同基质及用量对香樟林下附树铁皮石斛生长的影响

刘杨 王小娟 李承承 陈桂兰 张宇 彭均伟

摘要 以霍山铁皮石斛为研究对象，通过对松树皮、草炭土、腐熟椰棕、腐熟羊粪和腐熟鸡粪设定配制方式和比例，研究不同栽培基质对其附树栽植存活及生长的影响，并在此基础上，研究了不同基质用量对其附树栽植存活及生长的影响。结果表明：以松树皮作为主要基质，配以草炭土、腐熟椰棕，再施用5%的腐熟羊粪或者鸡粪能够有效提高铁皮石斛在香樟树上附树种植生长和生物量积累，特别是以松树皮∶腐熟椰棕+腐熟羊粪比例为3∶1+5%的栽培基质综合效果最好。栽培基质使用量对铁皮石斛附樹栽植成活率的影响十分显著，低于0.5 L的栽培基质附树种植铁皮石斛2年生苗成活率相对较差，0.8～1.0 L基质用量比较有利于2年生铁皮石斛杯苗的附树栽植。

关键词 铁皮石斛;基质配比;基质用量;形态指标;生物量

中图分类号 S7-9 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）14-0117-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.032

Abstract Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo was taken as the research object.The effects of different culture media on the survival and growth of D.officinale were studied by setting the allocation mode and proportion of pine bark，peat soil，mature coconut palm，mature sheep manure and mature chicken manure.On this basis，the effects of different media dosage on the survival and growth of D.officinale were studied.The results showed that the growth and biomass accumulation of D.officinale on camphor trees could be effectively improved by using pine bark as the main substrate，peat soil，rotten coconut palm，and 5% rotted sheep manure or chicken manure.Especially，the ratio of pine bark∶rotted coconut palm + rotted sheep manure was 3∶1 + 5%.The effect of the amount of culture medium on the survival rate of D.officinale was very significant.The amount of 0.8-1.0 litres was more beneficial to the growth of 2-year-old D.officinale seedlings.

Key words Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo;Substrate ratio;Substrate dosage;Morphological index;Biomass

铁皮石斛（ Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo）也称林兰、铁皮兰，为兰科（Orchidaceae）石斛属 （Dendrobium） 多年生附生草本植物。铁皮石斛是我国传统名贵补益类中药材，得名“仙草”，为中国药典收录的典型药、食两用中草药[1]。《中华本草》言其性甘，微寒，归胃、肾经，有益胃生津，滋阴清热之功效。中医诊疗中主要用于调理热病津伤、口干烦渴、胃阴不足、食少干呕、病后虚热不退、阴虚火旺等[2]。现代医学研究发现，铁皮石斛中含有多糖[3]、生物碱[4]及黄酮[5]等多种生物活性物质，在降血糖[6]、降血脂、清除活性氧和提高人体免疫力[7]等方面具有显著疗效。……