植保无人机喷施纳米农药防治水稻主要病虫的药效评价

赵莲英

摘要 通过使用植保无人机喷施纳米农药，研究水稻主要病虫害防治效果。结果显示，供试的航空植保专用药剂——纳米农药水性制剂组合，对水稻主要病虫的总体防效，均优于对照农药组合与农户自防用药，具有一定的增产效果;纳米农药25%噻虫嗪水分散粒剂对稻飞虱施药后1 、3、7 d的校正防效分别为87.31%、92.48%和95.69%;纳米农药3.4%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂对稻纵卷叶螟四（2）代、五（3）代的保叶效果分别为92.86%和82.49%，杀虫效果分别为66.67%和88.24%;纳米农药9% 肟菌酯（3%）·戊唑醇（6%）微乳剂对纹枯病的病丛防效、病株防效和病指防效分别为69.23%、71.55%和78.68%;对稻曲病的病穗防效和病指防效分别为80.33%和89.71%。在丘陵地区使用植保无人机喷施纳米农药防治水稻病蟲害，具有广泛的推广应用价值。

关键词 植保无人机;纳米农药;水稻病虫害;防治效果;田间试验

中图分类号 S48 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）14-0144-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.040

Abstract The efficiency of controlling rice pests was evaluated by spraying nano pesticides with plant-protection unmanned aerial vehicle. The results showed that the combination of nano pesticides aqueous preparation was a special agent for aviation plant protection. The overall control effect of the main rice pests was better than that of the control pesticide combination and the self-use pesticide of farmers，which had a certain yield increasing effect;on the 1 ，3 and 7 d after the application of nano pesticide （thiamethoxam 25% water dispersible granule），the corrected control effect on Nilaparvata lugens was 87.31%，92.48% and 95.69%，respectively;the effect of nano pesticide （emamectin benzoate 3.4% micro-emulsion） on the leaf protection against Cnaphalocrocis medinalis in the generation 4 （2） and 5 （3） was 92.86% and 82.49%，respectively，and the insecticidal effect was 66.67% and 88.24% respectively;to sheath blight，the control effect of nano pesticide to cluster rice disease incidence，single plant disease incidence and disease index was 69.23%，71.55% and 78.68% respectively. And the control effect of nano pesticide to false smut on disease head disease index was 80.33% and 89.71%，respectively. In hilly area，spraying nano pesticides by plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle to control of rice pests had a wide promotion and application value.

Key words Plant-protection unmanned aerial vehicle;Nano pesticides;Rice disease and insect pest;Control effect;Field trial

纳米技术，是研究结构尺寸在1～100 nm材料的性质和应用的一种技术。1981年扫描隧道显微镜发明后，诞生了一门以1～100 nm为研究对象的前沿科学，其最终目标是直接以原子或分子来构造具有特定功能的产品。近年来，利用纳米科学与技术开发高效、安全的农药新剂型，实现化学农药的提质增效、节量减排和降低残留污染，已成为当前的研究热点。通过传统农药的纳米剂型化，可以利用纳米材料的小尺寸、智能表面和界面效应及其药物传输与控释性能，提高药效成分的生物活性与靶标利用率，延长持效期，减少有机溶剂与助剂含量，降低药剂脱落、雨水冲刷和淋溶分解等药效损失，从而大幅度提高农药有效利用率，减少施药剂量与次数，降低农产品残留和环境污染[1-4]。……