李果 李承承 王小娟 张宇 彭均伟 刘杨



摘要 以林下种植的新鲜羊肚菌为试验材料,使用德玛仕烘干机分别设定烘干温度、烘干时间及时段组合等,探寻新鲜羊肚菌的科学烘干工艺流程。结果表明:羊肚菌不同于大多数真菌,高温烘干下羊肚菌容易黑化和焦化,品相极差、气味淡薄甚至有焦味。若温度过低,虽然能够逐步烘干并保持较好的品相,但耗时长,烘干效率低下。此外,羊肚菌在不同水分含量阶段的烘干温度对其饱满度、色泽的影响较大。三段式升温烘干是一种科学的羊肚菌烘干方式。40~45 ℃烘干3.0~3.5 h后55 ℃烘干2.0 h,再75 ℃烘干0.5~1.0 h是比较高效和高品相的羊肚菌烘干工艺流程。
关键词 羊肚菌;烘干;温度;时间;相对含水量
中图分类号 TS219 文献标识码 A
文章編号 0517-6611(2020)14-0181-03
doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.051
Abstract The fresh Morehella esculenta (L.) Pers planted under the forest were used as the test materials, and the drying temperature and drying time, and time period combination were set at Demas dryer respectively to explore the scientific drying process technology process of fresh M. esculenta. The results showed that M. esculenta was different from most other fungi. And it was easy to blacken and coking under high temperature drying, with poor taste, weak smell and even burnt taste. Under the low temperature, although it could be dried step by step and keep a good product phase, but it took a long time, and the drying efficiency was low. In addition, the drying temperature of M. esculenta with different water content had a great influence on its plumpness and color. Three-stage heating drying was a scientific drying method of M. esculenta. Drying at 40-45 ℃ for 3.0-3.5 h, 55 ℃ for 2.0 hours, and 75 ℃ for 0.5-1.0 h was a relatively efficient and high-quality drying process.
Key words M. esculenta; Drying;Temperature;Time;Relative water content
羊肚菌( Morehella esculenta (L.) Pers)又名草笠竹,为羊肚菌科(Morohellaceae)羊肚菌属 (Morehella) 食用真菌,是子囊菌中最名贵的美味食菌[1]。羊肚菌菌盖部分含有除色氨酸之外的7种人体必需的氨基酸,富含蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物,是很好的人体蛋白来源,素有“素中之荤”之美誉。除了食用价值外,羊肚菌同时还是一味传统中药材,《新华本草纲要》记载其具有“和胃消食,化痰理气”之功效[2]。近代医药化学研究表明,羊肚菌中富含多糖等活性物质[3],在降低血压[4]、防癌抗癌[5]、抑制肿瘤[6]和增强人体免疫力[7]等方面效果显著。近年来,随着羊肚菌人工栽培技术的突破,羊肚菌栽培规模逐年扩大,四川、云南、重庆地区等已成为我国优质羊肚菌的主产地,产品远销日、韩等国家甚至欧洲地区,其对经济的带动作用巨大。……