昭通产青花椒麻味素含量测定

2020-08-04 20:41:33熊汝琴王维飞王锐张正彪
安徽农业科学 2020年14期

熊汝琴 王维飞 王锐 张正彪

摘要 [目的]建立一种简便快速测定昭通青花椒麻味素(总酰胺)含量的方法。[方法]采用甲醛滴定法测定昭通7个县区所产青花椒麻味物质含量,并测定采摘时间和碱(10%Na2CO3)洗对青花椒麻味素含量的影响。[结果]鲁甸县青花椒中麻味素含量最高,可达12.428 8 mg/g。10月份采摘的青花椒麻味素含量比8月份采摘的高,碱(10%Na2CO3)洗能改善干花椒色泽和提高出籽率,但不影响其中的麻味素含量。[结论]甲醛滴定法能简便快捷测定花椒总酰胺含量,该研究为昭通青花椒的质量评价和开发利用提供理论依据。

关键词 青花椒;麻味素;含量测定;甲醛滴定法

中图分类号 TS264 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2020)14-0192-03

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.054

Abstract [Objective]The research aimed to establish a simple and rapid method to determine the content of numb-taste components (total acylamides) in Z. schinifolium collected from Zhaotong. [Method]Formaldehyde titration method was used to determine the content of numb-taste components (total acylamides) in Z. schinifolium collected from seven counties in Zhaotong City. The effects of different pick time and alkali washing by Na2CO3 on the content of numbing components were also determined. [Result]The content of numb-taste components in Z. schinifolium collected from Ludian County could reach 12.428 8 mg/g, which was higher than other counties. The content of numb-taste components in Z. schinifolium harvested in October was higher than harvested in August. Using edible alkali (10% Na2CO3) to wash the fresh pepper could improve the color of dry Zanthoxylum and increase seed-producing percentage, but had no significant effect on the content of numb-taste components. [Conclusion]Formaldehyde titration method can simply and rapidly determine total acylamides in Zanthoxylum . This study provides a theory basis for quality evaluation and development and utilization of Zhaotong Z. schinifolium .

Key words Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc.;Numb-taste components;Content determination;Formaldehyde titration

花椒( Zanthoxylum bungeanum )是蕓香科(Rutaceae)花椒属植物的果实,全世界约有250 种,分布于亚洲、美洲、非洲及大洋洲的热带和亚热带地区,我国约有45个种、13个变种。在我国大面积人工种植的主要是青花椒( Z.schinifolium Sieb.et Zucc,又名青川椒、崖椒、野椒、香椒子)和红花椒( Z.bungeanum Maxim.,又名川椒、秦椒、蜀椒、大红袍等)[1]。花椒既是人们常用的食品调味料,被誉为“八大调味品”之一,又是一种传统中药材,具有温中散寒、除湿、杀虫、止痛等作用。花椒中的主要有效成分有挥发油、生物碱、酰胺类物质、木脂素和香豆素等[2-4]。

辛麻味是花椒重要的风味特征,也是评定其品质优劣的重要指标之一。研究表明,花椒的麻味主要由其中的不饱和脂肪酸酰胺(也称麻味素)产生。目前,已从花椒中分离鉴定出α-、β-、γ-、δ-山椒素及其衍生物等20多种天然不饱和脂肪酸酰胺。……

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