新疆天山山区积雪时空变化分析

郝靖宇 高敏华

摘要 利用天山山區MOD10A2 的积雪产品与6个气象观测站平均气温和日照时间资料，分析该区积雪的时空变化特征及其影响因素，得出以下结论：①2000—2018年积雪覆盖率年内分布呈“U”形变化，1—8月份积雪覆盖率呈现直线下降趋势，从9 月初开始呈上升趋势，积雪覆盖率最高值51.88%，最小值4.41%。②2000—2018年积雪覆盖频率>700次的积雪区约占山区总面积的3.53%，介于500～700次，即年平均为25～35次的占天山山区总面积的29.43%，介于200～400次的占天山山区总面积的 64.34% 。③不同年份的积雪覆盖比最小值出现的日期不尽一致，积雪极值出现时间有后移的现象。2000—2018年积雪覆盖比呈现上升趋势，说明天山山区的整体积雪总量在增加。（4）温泉和达坂城站点日照时间与积雪覆盖率呈现此消彼长的变化趋势。哈密和乌恰2个站点日照时间呈现上升趋势，而积雪覆盖率呈现先增再减再增的趋势，说明日照时间对积雪覆盖率的影响较小。天山山区气温在2010年以后出现一次急速下降的趋势，而积雪覆盖率呈现较为缓和的上升趋势。积雪覆盖率与气温呈现反向变化趋势，每年的平均气温最低在-12 ℃，最高在8 ℃左右。

关键词 新疆天山;积雪;MODIS;温度

中图分类号 P426.63+ 文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2020）14-0203-06

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2020.14.057

Abstract The temporal and spatial variation characteristics of snow cover and the influencing factors in Tianshan Mountain area were analyzed by using the snow products of MOD10A2 and the mean temperature and sunshine time data of six meteorological observations.The main conclusions were as follows： ①The distribution of snow shows a U-shaped change in the year 2000-2018，with a straight downward trend in snow cover from January to August and an upward trend beginning at the beginning of September，with a maximum snow cover of 51.88% minimum of 4.41%.②The snow cover frequency more than 700 times accounts for about 3.53% of the total mountain area，between 500 times and 700 times，that is，between 25 times and 35 times per year，accounts for 29.43% of the total area of Tianshan Mountain area，between 200 times and 400 times，accounts for 64.34% of the total area of Tianshan Mountain area in the year 2000-2018.③The dates of the minimum value of snow cover ratio in different years are not the same，and the extreme value of snow appears the phenomenon of time backward.The snow cover ratio shows an upward trend，which indicates that the total amount of snow cover in Tianshan Mountain area is increasing in the year 2000-2018.④Hot springs and Dabancheng site sunshine time and snow coverage shows a change trend of one growth or another.Hami and Ucha stations，sunshine time shows an upward trend，however，snow cover tends to increase and decrease first and then increase.From this point of view，sunshine time has little effect on snow cover.The temperature in the mountainous area of Tianshan appeared a rapid downward trend after 2010，while the snow cover showed a more moderate upward trend.Snow cover and temperature shows a reverse change trend.And the lowest of annual average temperature is -12 ℃，the highest is about 8 ℃.

Key words Xinjiang Tianshan;Snow cover;MODIS;Temperature

水作为万物之源尤为重要，然而在西北干旱区水资源分布极其不均，且主要以冰雪及冰川状态存储。新疆天山山区作为西北干旱区中最大的积雪覆盖地区，也是中国主要的积雪稳定区[1]，对新疆生态系统的维护有着重要意义。积雪融水作为新疆各种河流和生态农业的主要水源补给，直接决定了新疆的经济稳定与生态安全[2]。特……