永久起搏器植入专项护理在慢性心律失常患者中的应用

黄淑珍 徐娟

[摘要]目的 探討永久起搏器植入专项护理在慢性心律失常患者中的应用。方法 选取2016年11月～2019年8月我院收治的90例永久起搏器置入术慢性心律失常患者作为研究对象，采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组（n=45）和对照组（n=45）。对照组术后采取常规护理操作，观察组则在对照组基础上行永久起搏器植入专项护理。比较两组术后相关并发症的发生率，比较两组生活质量和出院时间，并调查统计两组护理满意度情况。结果 观察组并发症总发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组生活质量量表（SF-36）评分高于对照组，住院时间短于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组的护理总满意度高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 慢性心律失常患者在永久起搏器置入术治疗后，相关并发症种类较多，发生原因也较多样，而术后针对性专项护理能有效降低患者术后并发症的发生率，有利于患者术后康复，改善其生活质量，提升护理满意度。

[关键词]慢性心律失常;永久起搏器置入术;并发症;发生原因;护理对策

[中图分类号] R473.5          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-4721（2020）6（b）-0204-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore the application of special nursing care of permanent pacemaker implantation in patients with chronic arrhythmia. Methods From November 2016 to August 2019， 90 patients with chronic arrhythmia treated by permanent pacemaker implantation were selected as study subjects. They were divided into observation group （n=45） and control group （n=45） by the random digital table method. The patients in the control group were treated with routine nursing after operation， while the observation group was treated with permanent pacemaker implantation on the basis of the control group. The incidence of complications after permanent pacemaker implantation was compared between the two groups， the quality of life and discharge time of the two groups were compared， and the nursing satisfaction of the two groups was counted. Results The total incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that of the control group， with statistical difference （P<0.05）. The quality of life scale （SF-36） scores of the observation group was higher than that of the control group， and the hospitalization time was shorter than that of the control group， with statistical differences （P<0.05）. The nursing total satisfaction of the observation group was higher than that of the control group， with statistical difference （P<0.05）. Conclusion After permanent pacemaker implantation， there are many kinds of related complications and various causes in patients with chronic arrhythmias. The postoperative special nursing can effectively reduce the occurrence probability of the postoperative complications of the patients， is beneficial to the postoperative rehabilitation of the patients， improves the quality of life and improves the nursing satisfaction degree.

[Key words] Chronic arrhythmia; Permanent pacemaker placement; Complications; Cause of occurrence; Nursing countermeasures

慢性心律失常是临床常见心血管系统疾病，患者主要表现为心率减慢，根据心电图表现又可分为窦性心动过缓、病态窦房、房室传导阻滞等不同类型[1]。慢性心律失常患者常伴有心绞痛症状，随病情加重，还会导致心力衰竭、中枢神经系统障碍等严重后果，威胁患者生命安全[2]。慢性心律失常可采用抗心律失常药物治疗，但对于药物治疗无效慢性心律失常患者，通过手术植入永久性心脏起搏器是治疗首选方案[3]。……