龙莉 黄琳芸 黄瑞松



【摘 要】 目的:对瑶药冻你美真伪鉴别提供技术支撑。方法:采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别和薄层鉴别的方法。结果:茎圆柱形,有纵棱,节间膨大,多分枝;卷须二歧分叉,与叶对生;叶展平后为鸟足状复叶,小叶5;根、茎、叶黏液细胞含草酸钙针晶束,茎薄壁细胞有草酸钙簇晶。叶上、下表皮均有非腺毛。粉末可见非腺毛、草酸钙针晶束、草酸钙簇晶、纤维、具缘纹孔导管和螺纹导管。TLC色谱图中,11批样品与对照药材在相同位置显相同颜色的荧光斑点。结论:本方法稳定可靠,可作为瑶药冻你美药材鉴别真伪的依据。
【关键词】 冻你美;性状鉴别;显微鉴别;薄层鉴别
【中图分类号】R931 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517(2020)10-0065-04
Abstract:Objective Provide technical support for the authenticity of Cayratia japonica(Thunb.) Gagnep.Methods The methods of character identification,micro-scipic identification,thin layerchromatography identification were used tostudy.Results Stem cylindrical, with longitudinal ribs, enlarged internodes, multibranched; tendril bifurcated, opposite to leaves;After the leaves are flattened, there are bird-foot compound leaves,leaflets 5,stem ,and leaf mucous cells contain calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles, and thin-walled stem cells have clusters of calcium oxalate.There are non-glandular hairs on the leaves and epidermis.Non-glandular hairs, calcium oxalate needle clusters, calcium oxalate clusters, fibers, bevelled ducts, and threaded ducts visible in powder.TLC chromatogram,eleven batches of samples showed the same color fluorescent spots at the same position as the control herbs.Conclusion This method is stable and reliable, It can be used as a basis for authenticity of Cayratia japonica(Thunb.) Gagnep.
Keywords:Cayratia japonica(Thunb.) Gagnep.;Trait Identification;Microsco-pic Identification;Thin Layer Identifcation
瑶语所称“冻你美”或“巴腩美”,民间也称为“母猪藤”,俗名红冻你美、母猪菜、五叶藤、止血藤等。植物来源为葡萄科植物乌蔹莓Cayratia japonica(Thunb.) Gagnep.,广西金秀、恭城瑶族民间多以全草作为药材使用。瑶医认为,冻你美味酸、苦,性寒;属风药,具有清热利湿、解毒消肿、活血止血、利尿的作用,主要用于治疗肺痈、肺痨咯血、尿路感染、血尿、尿浊、黄疸肝炎、痛症、无名肿毒、腮腺炎及风湿骨痛、痢疾、跌打损伤、骨折、痈肿疮疖、无名肿毒、乳痈[1~2]。近年来研究表明,冻你美含黄酮类、内脂类、香豆素类和咖啡酸类等多种成分[3]。但有关其生药鉴别的方法目前未见有报道,给临床用药造成一定的混乱。为科学辨别瑶药冻你美药材的真伪,确保其临床用药的安全有效,本研究对瑶冻你美进行了药材生药学方面的研究,建立了该药材性状、显微和薄层鉴别的方法,为该药材质量标准的制订提供了技术支撑。……