天麻治疗脑缺血再灌注损伤的研究进展

2020-08-06 14:23:17张光云童英杨丽萍
中国民族民间医药·下半月 2020年5期

张光云 童英 杨丽萍

【摘 要】 脑缺血再灌注损伤在临床上属于常见病,因其发病机制复杂,目前在治疗上较为棘手,伴随着致残率和致死率的升高,脑缺血再灌注损伤已成为医学治疗的一大难题。天麻为云南的道地药材,民间认为服用天麻可以治疗头痛、眩晕、癫痫、中风、偏瘫等多种心脑血管相关的疾病。随着医学技术的不断进步,天麻的有效成分被不断分离出来,从不同溶剂的提取物到单体,天麻在脑血管疾病治疗上的优势已越来越突出。文章通过知网、万方、sciencedirect收集整理国内外近20年来关于天麻在脑缺血再灌注损伤的相关文献,以期为天麻的进一步研究提供理论参考。

【关键词】 脑缺血再灌注损伤;天麻;提取物;化合物

【中图分类号】R285.6   【文献标志码】 A    【文章编号】1007-8517(2020)10-0069-06

Abstract:Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury is a common disease in clinic, and its pathogenesis is complicated, leading to the treatment is difficult at present. With the increase of disability rate and mortality, cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury has become a difficult problem in medical treatment. Gastrodia elata Blume is a kind of genuine medicinal material in Yunnan. It is believed that Gastrodia elata Blume can be used to treat headache, vertigo, epilepsy, stroke, hemiplegia and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. With the continuous progress of medical technology, the effective components of Gastrodia elata Blume have been separated, from the extracts of different solvents to monomers, the advantages of Gastrodia elata Blume in the treatment of cerebrovascular diseases have become more and more prominent. In order to provide a theoretical reference for further study of Gastrodia elata Blume, this paper collected and sorted out the literature about Gastrodia elata Blume in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in recent 20 years at home and abroad through HowNet, Wanfang and ScienceDirect.

Keywords:Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury; Gastrodia elata Blume; The Extracts; Monomers

腦缺血再灌注损伤(Cerebral Ischemia Reperfusion Injury,CIRI)是指脑组织缺血后一定时间恢复血液供应,出现的更加严重的脑机能障碍现象,是在脑缺血基础上发生的病理过程。在这过程中,脑血流中断、血流恢复使脑组织发生一系列快速级联反应,包括能量代谢障碍、兴奋性氨基酸的毒性释放、自由基生成增加、细胞内钙稳态失衡、线粒体功能障碍及细胞凋亡通路被激活等(见图1),这些因素彼此关联,相互重叠,最终导致缺血区细胞凋亡或坏死,致脑机能发生障碍[1-2]。目前西医治疗CIRI采用的药物主要有钙通道阻滞剂、谷氨酸受体拮抗剂、抗氧化剂、凋亡抑制剂等,因CIRI病理机制复杂,治疗CIRI时并不能实现多靶点治疗,且在用药过程中存在一定的副作用,常不能取得预期治疗效果。……

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