新冠肺炎疫情对黑龙江农业的影响及应对措施

韩平 许晓霞

[摘 要]黑龙江省是我国的农业大省，2020年爆发的新冠肺炎疫情对黑龙江农业造成了较为严重的影响和冲击。科学、全面评估疫情对农业的影响，建立有效的应对措施对黑龙江省农业平稳发展具有重要意义。通过归纳整理新冠肺炎疫情对黑龙江省农业发展的影响，主要体现在：春耕的顺利开展、养殖业的运行、乡村旅游业的恢复、农产品市场供应和价格稳定以及对粮食储备机制提出的挑战等，本文提出：开展科学指导，主动做好春耕准备工作，保障原料化肥和农机市场的有效供给，合理调整重要农产品储备和市场供应，建立健全农业应急体系，科学应对农业相关产业需求侧变化引起的相关反应以及改善农产品交易方式、创新业态模式等应对措施。

[关键词]农业;新冠肺炎疫情;农业应急体系

[中图分类号] F326.3[文献标识码] A[文章编号] 2095-3283（2020）07-0013-04

Impact of New Coronavirus Epidemic on Agriculture in Heilongjiang Province

and Its Countermeasures

Han Ping    Xu Xiaoxia

（ School of Economics， Harbin University of Commerce， Harbin HeiLongjiang 150028）

Abstract： Heilongjiang Province is a large agricultural province in China. The outbreak of the  new coronavirus epidemic in 2020 will have a severe impact on Heilongjiang agriculture. Therefore， a scientific and comprehensive assessment of the impact of the epidemic on agriculture and the establishment of effective countermeasures are of great significance to the steady development of Heilongjiang's agricultural economy. This article uses research methods such as literature data method and logical analysis method to summarize and sort out the impact of the  new coronavirus epidemic on the agricultural development of Heilongjiang Province， which is mainly reflected in the smooth development of spring farming， the operation of aquaculture， the restoration of rural tourism， the supply of agricultural products and prices and the stability and challenges to the food reserve mechanism. Therefore， this article proposes to scientifically guide the preparation of spring ploughing during the outbreak of the epidemic; ensure the effective supply of raw material fertilizers and agricultural machinery markets; rationally adjust the reserve and market supply of important agricultural products; establish and improve the agricultural emergency system; and scientifically respond to the demand-side changes caused by agricultural-related industries Relevant responses and measures to improve agricultural product trading methods and innovative business models.

Key Words： Agriculture; New Coronavirus Epidemic; Agricultural Emergency System; Spring Ploughing

一、引言

黑龍江省是我国的农业大省，也是国家重要的商品粮生产基地，黑龙江省的农业平稳发展关乎国家农产品市场稳定和国家粮食安全。根据《黑龙江省统计年鉴（2019）》公布的数据显示，2018年农业（包含农、林、牧、副、渔服务业）总产值为5624.3亿元，占2018年黑龙江省GDP的34.4%;大牲畜养殖数量为476.2万头，占全国大牲畜养殖数量的4.9%[1];2019年粮食产量1500.6亿斤，连续九年位列全国第一[2]。同时，黑龙江农业发展正向集约化、高度化方向迈进，产业融合发展态势良好，在延长农业产业链的同时提升了产业链价值。但是2020年初爆发的新冠肺炎疫情给正处于上升期的黑龙江省农业发展造成了严重影响，截止2020年3月10日，新冠肺炎疫情已经造成全球十万以上的人员传染，蔓延至亚洲、非洲、美洲、欧洲等六大洲，给人们的日常生产活动造成了严重阻碍。……