蔡冬青 马辛
[摘 要]“一带一路”沿线国家在政治经济制度上有着极大的差别,为沿线国家的投资者带来了难以避免的制度风险,主要体现为腐败风险、法律风险、政治风险以及国际投资体制变革带来的风险,而当前“一带一路”倡议的实施本身具备一定的制度風险调节机制,主要包括信息甄别机制、国家担保机制以及投资争议协商机制。同时,国家制度风险的规避还需要倡议的实施提供更高质量的制度供给,通过投资争议解决机构的构建、贸易投资便利化措施以及双多边投资协定的签订来有效规避国家制度风险。
[关键词]“一带一路”倡议;企业海外投资;风险;建议
[中图分类号] F 125.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-3283(2020)07-0041-04
The Belt and Road Initiative and the Risks and Suggestions
of Chinese Enterprises Overseas Investment
Cai Dongqing1 Ma Xin2
(1.Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing Jiangsu 210046;
2.Nanjing University of Science & Technology Zijin College, Nanjing Jiangsu 210046)
Abstract: Countries alongside the "Belt and Road" have great difference on the political and economic systems, brought along the country's investors is difficult to avoid the system risk, mainly embodied in corruption risk, legal risk, political risk and the risks of international investment system reform, and the implementation of the current "area" initiative itself have a certain system risk adjustment mechanism, mainly including information-discriminating mechanism, the state guarantee mechanism and investment consultation mechanism. At the same time, the avoidance of national institutional risks also needs the implementation of the initiative to provide a higher quality of institutional supply, through the establishment of investment dispute resolution institutions, trade and investment facilitation measures and the signing of bilateral and multilateral investment agreements to effectively avoid national institutional risks.
Key Words: The Belt and Road Initiative; Overseas Investment by Enterprises; System Risk; Suggestions
一、引言
“一带一路”倡议提出以来,国内外学者对其开展了广泛深入的研究,较为普遍的观点认为该倡议推动了世界经济地理的重塑,成为推动中国企业“走出去”的重要机遇,其主要证据表现为:根据世界银行的统计,中国及 63个“一带一路”沿线国家拥有近50%的世界人口,占全球经济总量的30%。未来五年,许多“一带一路”沿线国家的经济和人口增长率将领先于全球平均水平。与此同时,中国在 “一带一路”沿线国家的直接投资的绝对值及其占中国对外直接投资总额的比重也在双双稳步增长。但必须注意的是,中国企业在基于“一带一路”的海外投资中,同样面临着不可忽视的风险。一方面,中国在“一带一路”沿线国家的直接投资占比不到13%,并未成为中国企业“走出去”的主要方向;另一方面,“一带一路”沿线国家政治经济制度各异。……