县域城镇化进程中农业转移人口户籍选择逻辑与政策导向

李文茂

摘要：文章基于山东省的数据分析，发现县域城镇农业转移人口多为城镇扩张导致的就地转移人员和周边农村以家庭为单位的城乡两栖人员构成。与大城市不同，县域城镇公共服务的可及性与户籍关联性不强，且城乡户籍含金量正经历此消彼长的过程。由此，县域城镇农业转移人口问题政策选择的关键并不是引导农村籍人口在城镇落户，而是着眼于跨越城乡状态下家庭的稳定和幸福，提升其融入城镇能力并充分保障农村权益。

关键词：县域城镇化；农业转移人口；户籍；公共服务；山东省

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2020.06.014 中图分类号：C922/TU981

文章编号：1009-1483（2020）06-0099-05 文献标识码：A

Logic of Household Selection of Rural Migrant People and Policy Choice in the Process of County Urbanization： Based on Data in Shandong Province

LI Wenmao

[Abstract] The data analysis of Shandong Province shows that new urban people are mainly composed of rural residents caused by urban expansion and rural residents in the surrounding countryside whose families are raised across the urban and rural. Different from big cities， the connection between public services accessibility and household identity is week in counties， and the value of urban household identity is falling and rural one is rising. Therefore， the key problem rural migrant people in counties are facing is not urban household identity′s acquisition but improvement of their working skills in counties and protection of their rural properties.

[Keywords] county urbanization； rural migrant people； household registration； public service； Shandong Province

引言

当前，在我国的城镇化进程中，人口流动已不再单纯是从农村到城镇、从小城镇到中小城市和大城市的单向流动，而是集聚与分散并存的多元、多方向流动[1]。其中，农业转移人口及其家庭向其家乡附近的城镇聚集，实现就地就近城镇化是重要的方向之一。县域城镇的户籍含金量、公共服务可及性，以及农业转移人口的本地属性，决定了县域城镇农业转移人口问题的政策着力点并不在于引导其在城镇落户上。

城乡二元分割的户籍制度历来被学者所诟病。经过近四十年的渐进式户籍制度改革，时至今日，户籍制度仍然是人口迁移管制的重要手段，城镇户籍人口和非户籍人口在劳动就业、子女教育、社会保障等方面仍然存在一定的差别。据周天勇等的测算，人口迁移管制对消费、收入和总产出都造成了较大的负面影响[2]。……