新中国成立初期《新体育》杂志的体育“化大众”与体育“大众化”实践及启示

李凤梅

摘    要：運用文献研究法等，分析新中国成立初期《新体育》杂志的体育“化大众”与体育“大众化”实践，对于当前中国“体医融合”中充分发挥《新体育》杂志的作用具有理论意义。体育“化大众”是指体育项目被赋予影响个人认知和行为的功能，侧重于体育项目的工具属性;体育“大众化”是指体育项目的功能与作用被大众接受的程度和参与规模及体育项目普及程度，侧重于体育项目的功能属性。从体育项目普及实践而言，体育“化大众”侧重指大众了解体育项目文化、掌握体育项目知识和运动技能等方面的途径和载体，而体育“大众化”则用于衡量体育项目文化、体育项目知识、运动技能被大众接受的程度和参与程度。新中国成立初期（1949-1956年），《新体育》杂志曾通过宣传体育新思想;引介前苏联学者的体育理论;与中国行政部门构成合力，形成社会动员;语言通俗易懂，与读者形成互动;实践了体育“化大众”与体育“大众化”。基于以上，对《新体育》杂志在当前全民健身战略实施过程中和在推动“体医融合”的进程中发挥作用进行了思考。

关键词：新中国成立初期;《新体育》;体育“化大众”;体育“大众化”

中图分类号：G 80-054          学科代码：040301           文献标识码：A

Abstract：By using the method of literature review and so on， this paper analyzes the practice of sports oriented public and sports popularization in the early days of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China， which is of theoretical significance to give full play to the role of sports popular science magazines in the current integration of sports and medicine in China. Sports oriented public refers to the function that sports events are endowed with to affect the cognition and behavior of individuals， focusing on the instrumental attribute of sports events; sports popularization refers to the scale that sports events function and role are accepted and participated by the public and the degree of sports popularization and promotion， focusing on the functional attribute of sports events. From the perspective of sports popularization practice， sports oriented public focuses on the ways and carriers for the public to understand sports culture， master sports knowledge and sports skills， while sports popularization is used to measure the acceptance， participation of sports culture， sports knowledge and sports skills by the public. In the early days of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China（1949-1956）， the New Sports magazine once publicized the new ideas of sports， introduced the sports theories of scholars from the former Soviet Union， formed social mobilization by combining with the administrative departments， made the language easy to understand and interacted with the readers， and practiced the sports oriented public and sports popularization. Based on the above， this paper discusses the role of New Sports magazine in the process of implementing the national fitness strategy and promoting the integration of sports and medicine.

Keywords：early days of the founding of the Peoples Republic of China; New Sports; sports oriented public; sports popularization

在中国，体育运动是最具大众参与性的社会文化活动形态。有的体育项目能增强青少年的体质，有的体育项目能提高青少年的体育素养，有的体育项目能促进青少年的社会化。体育运动是一种社会文化，在满足个人的不同需求的情况下，体育运动具有与时俱进的功能与作用，同时也体现出“大众化”与“化大众”的时代性和传承性。……