基于数据挖掘的中药复方外治专利用药规律分析

彭孟凡 刘保松 苗明三

摘要  目的：探讨中药复方外治专利用药规律，为临床外治用药提供指导。方法：以国家知识产权局专利检索及分析系统作为数据信息来源，以中药和外治为主题词，搜索2010年9月1日至2018年9月1号专利文献，收集专利记载的外用方剂，建立数据库。使用Excel 2013、SPSS Modeler14.1、SPSS 19.0统计软件对纳入的专利进行年申请趋势、疾病种类、中药剂型的分析，并对专利中涉及的中药进行用药规律分析。结果：纳入符合标准的专利180项，涉及疾病99种，前3种分别是痔疮、关节炎和白癜风;剂型23种，前3种分别是贴膏、洗剂和散剂;108项专利涉及的外治复方包含中药607味，607味中藥的功效分类中，以活血化瘀药、清热药、补虚药最多;药性药味中，药味以辛、苦、甘最多，药性以温、寒、平最多;归经分类中，以肝、心、脾经最多。关联规则分析中发现关联强度最高的药对组合为5种，因子分析提取8个公因子。结论：中药复方外治申请的专利中，以活血化瘀药为主，该结果与关联规则和因子分析结果一致;频率≥8次的44味中药内，有11个收录于15版《中华人民共和国药典》中，具有一定的临床指导意义。

关键词  中药;外治专利;疾病种类;功效;因子分析;关联规则;用药规律;特点分析

Regulation Analysis of Compound Chinese Medicine Patent for External Treatment Based on Data Mining

PENG Mengfan，LIU Baosong，MIAO Mingsan

（Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine，Zhengzhou 450046，China）

Abstract Objective： To explore the regulation of compound Chinese medicine patent for external treatment，and to provide guidance for clinical external medicine. Methods： Using the patent search and analysis system of the State Intellectual Property Office as the source of data information，using traditional Chinese medicine and external treatment as the subject words，searching for patent documents from September 1，2010 to September 1，2018 to collect external prescriptions for patent records，we built database.Using Excel 2013，SPSS Modeler 14.1，SPSS Statistics 19.0 statistical software to analyze the annual application trends，disease types，and traditional Chinese medicine types of the included patents，we analyzed the regularity of Traditional Chinese medicines involved in the patents. Results： A total of 180 patents that met the standard were included，involving 99 kinds of diseases.The top 3 were hemorrhoids，arthritis and vitiligo; There were 23 types of dosage forms，the top 3 were plasters，lotions and powders; a total of 108 patents involved external treatment compound containing 607 flavors of traditional Chinese medicine.Among the categories of efficacy of 607 traditional Chinese medicines，blood-activating and stasis-relieving medicines，heat-clearing medicines and tonic-deficiency medicines were the most; Among the drug properties and tastes，the pungent，bitter and sweet tastes are the most.Drug properties were mostly warm，cold and calm.Channel tropism were mostly the liver，the heart and the spleen.In the association rule analysis，it was found that there were 5 drug pair combinations with the highest association strength，and factor analysis extracted 8 common factors. Conclusion： Among the compound Chinese medicine patent applied for external treatment，most are to promote blood circulation and remove blood stasis，and the results are consistent with the association rules and factor analysis results; among 44 tradtional Chinese medicines with frequency ≥ 8 times，11 of them are included in the 15th edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia，and has certain clinical guidance significance.

Keywords  Tradtional Chinese medicine; External treatment patent; Disease types; Efficacy; Factor analysis; Association rules; Medication rule; Characteristics analysis

中图分类号：R289.5;R289.6 文献标识码：A  doi： 10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2020.14.003

随着经济的快速发展，国民生活方式的改变，各种疾病的发病率逐渐攀升。为了更快、更好地控制疾病、治愈患者，用药的种类随之增多。但不同药物之间（中药之间、西药之间以及中西药之间）的联合应用，具有诱发药源性疾病的风险。……