灌溉对番茄生长发育、产量和品质影响的研究进展

龚一丹 王卫华 管能翰 刘艳伟

摘    要：通过总结灌溉水量、灌溉方式及水质量对番茄生长发育、产量和品质的影响，给出适宜番茄生长及提高番茄品质的条件。在此基础上，进一步分析了现有研究存在的问题，提出今后应着重开展水肥调控根区微环境研究，同时关注土壤理化性质、土壤参数并根据不同地区水资源概况、市场需求来选择番茄在不同生育期的最优灌溉水量、灌溉方式、营养液、调亏程度、水肥处理的最佳调控指标，改善土壤中大量养分流失、土壤贫瘠的现状，旨在为建立完善番茄种植培育体系提供参考并促进土壤与农业可持续发展。

关键词：番茄;品质;灌溉水质量;灌溉方式;营养液;调亏灌溉;水肥处理

中图分类号：S641.2 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2020）07-007-07

Abstract： This paper summarized the most suitable growing conditions of tomato and its quality improvement. These conditions are concluded by examining the influences ranging from irrigation water quality and quantity， irrigation method， nutrient solution， deficit regulation irrigation and water-fertilizer treatment. Furthermore， In the future， we should focus on the study of water and fertilizer regulation of root microenvironment， and pay attention to soil physical and chemical properties， soil parameters and soil respiration and analysis of existing research problems will contribute to the viewpoint that selection of the most optimized irrigation water quantity， irrigation method， nutrient solution， deficit regulation degree and water-fertilizer treatment of tomato in different growth period are determined by water resources and market demand in different regions. This perspective aims to improve the current situation of nutrient loss and barren land in soil and provide valuable references for the potential development and improvement of tomato cultivation system and promoting the sustainable development of soil and agriculture.

Key words： Tomato; Quality; Irrigation water quality; Irrigation method; Nutrient solution; Regulated deficit irrigation; Water and fertilizer treatment

番茄是遍布全世界的重要茄果類蔬菜，在我国全年均有大量栽培，是我国设施栽培最重要的蔬菜品种，其在我国农业经济发展和城乡“菜篮子”供给中占有十分重要的地位。番茄营养丰富，维生素C含量高，其品质是番茄关键的商品属性，受遗传、气候、水质、土壤环境等因素的影响，对番茄价格和农业经济效益起到关键性作用[1]。

目前，随着现代农业的快速发展，水资源短缺日益严重。番茄种植者为了追求产量，不断增加灌溉量、肥料与农药使用量，会造成资源浪费，威胁农业环境的可持续发展与食品安全;随着番茄产量的增加和人们对食品品质要求的不断提高，评估、鉴别和评定番茄果实品质，选育优质番茄，以及番茄品质基因遗传的研究逐渐成为大众关注的热点。……