秸秆还田对温室黄瓜根际土壤代谢和菌群的影响

陈静 胡云 崔文芳

摘    要：以日光温室黄瓜为试验材料，通过在作物定植前土壤秸秆粉碎还田、秸秆过腹还田、炭化还田的不同处理，研究其对作物根际土壤代谢物、细菌菌群结构变化的影响，探讨秸秆还田方式影响作物根际代谢变化规律及其内在机制。试验结果表明，3种秸秆还田方式均可显著提高黄瓜根际3-（4-羟基苯基）丙基-2-烯酸，20-三氢氧化白三烯-B4、甘草黄素等阴离子代谢物含量以及腺苷、氯氮平氮氧化物、焦脱镁叶绿酸A、酰基肉毒碱、溶血磷脂酰乙醇胺、溶菌酶、溶血磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺等阳离子代谢物含量，均可明显提高放线菌门和拟杆菌门比例，降低酸杆菌门比例。根际土壤中酸杆菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门、拟杆菌门比例与许多代谢物显著正相关或负相关，部分代谢物对微生物菌群生长有一定的促进或抑制作用。综合来看，秸秆粉碎还田处理对根际代谢和菌群的影响和变化最大，效果优于其他处理。

关键词：黄瓜;秸秆还田;根际代谢;细菌菌群;温室

中图分类号：S642.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2020）07-014-05

Abstract：In present study， the cucumber of greenhouse was used to study the efect of straw crushed and returned farmland， straw turned into feces， and biochar on rhizosphere soil metabolites and bacterial flora structure， and to study the straw returned modes effecting rhizosphere metabolism of cucumber and its internal mechanism under drip irrigation. The study showed that three kinds of straw returned field significantly increased the content of  anion of 3-（4-Hydroxyphenyl）Prop-2-Enoic Acid， 20-Trihydroxy-leukotriene-B4， ALicorisoflavan A and the content of positive ion of Adenosine， Clozapine N-oxide， Pyrophaeophorbide a， Acylcarnitine， LysoPE， LysoDGTS， LysoPC， PE in rhizosphere， which significantly increased the proportion of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes，and decreased the proportion of Acidobacteria. The proportion of Acidobacteria， Proteobacteria， Actinobacteria， Chloroflexi， Bacteroidetes of rhizosphere soil were significantly positively or negatively correlated with many metabolites. Some metabolites promoted the growth of some rhizosphere microbial flora， while others inhibited. Generally， the effect of straw comminution returned to soil on rhizosphere metabolism was better than other treatments.

Key words：Cucumber; Straw returned soil; Rhizosphere metabolism; Bacterial communities; Greenhouse

秸稈还田是促进农业可持续发展的一种有效方式，可提高土壤水分利用效率，改善土壤结构，增加土壤肥力，促进作物根系、叶片生长并提高产量[1-2]。我国是农业秸秆产出大国，基于目前农业上肥料使用不合理所引发的面源污染问题日趋严重，新形势下研究秸秆还田下的农业生产方式，不但能减轻对环境的污染、减少资源浪费，而且对作物产量、品质提高具有积极作用[3]。……