菜心小孢子培养体系的优化

赵艳艳 牛刘静 原玉香 魏小春 杨双娟 王志勇 张晓伟 张衍荣

摘    要：为了优化菜心小孢子培养体系，以10个菜心品种为试材进行小孢子培养，研究基因型、不同培养基配方和植物生长调节剂对小孢子胚诱导率的影响。结果表明，基因型是决定菜心品种能否出胚的一个重要因素，且不同基因型试材间小孢子胚诱导率具有明显差异，其中‘Cx1‘Cx6‘Cx8经过小孢子培养后较易获得胚状体，而其他材料则没有获得胚状体，基因型的不同导致胚状体诱导率在0～2.10胚·蕾-1之间;同一基因型，在不同培养基成分诱导条件下，添加活性炭对小孢子胚状体诱导率的影响较大，胚诱导率在0.03～2.10胚·蕾-1之间;培养基中蔗糖质量浓度为130 g·L-1时，‘Cx1的胚诱导率最高;此外，在培养基中添加0.05 mg·L-1 6-BA和0.5 mg·L-1 NAA可以显著提高菜心‘Cx1胚状体诱导率。

关键词：菜心;小孢子培养;胚状体

中图分类号：S634.5 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2020）07-034-05

Abstract：In order to optimize microspore culture system of flowering Chinese cabbage， 10 cultivars of Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L. var. utilis Tsen et Lee were used for microspore culture. The effects of genotypes， different culture medium and plant growth regulator on microspore embryogenesis were studied. The results showed that genotype were one of the greatest effects on embryos induction rate， the induction frequencies of embryo were extremely different in the same culture condition， ‘Cx1，‘Cx6，‘Cx8was easier to obtain embryos， but the other materials did not obtain embryos. The induction rate of embryos was between 0-2.10 embryoid each bud due to the difference of genotypes. Same genotype under the condition of different medium components， especially the addition of activated carbon had the greatest effect on the induction rate of embryos， between 0.03-2.10 embryoid each bud. When sucrose concentration was 130 g·L-1 in the culture medium， the embryo induction rate of microspore culture was the highest. Furthermore， the rate of embryos induction of ‘Cx1was significantly increased by adding 0.05 mg·L-1 6-BA and 0.5 mg·L-1 NAA to the medium.

Key words： Flowering Chinese cabbage; Microspore culture; Embryoid

菜心（Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis L. var. utilis Tsen et Lee）又称菜薹，在广东省分布广、栽培面积大、复种指数也比较高，近几年在河南、宁夏、广西、福建、海南等地也有大面积的种植。菜心是河南省供港蔬菜基地出口的重要蔬菜种类之一，在西华、安阳、荥阳、许昌等地都有大规模种植，带动了周边农民增收致富[1]。但是菜心种质资源匮乏，适宜多地种植的优良菜心品种不多，因此选育优质、抗病、抗逆、整齐度高的菜心杂种一代新品种（组合）具有重大的生产推广价值和庞大的消费市场。

目前生产应用上主要以系统选育育成的常规品种为主[2-3]，而现代生物育种技术——小孢子培养技术目前已经在十字花科芸薹属多种蔬菜作物上有了应用[4-8]，并且利用所获得的小孢子再生植株（DH系）快速高效地培育出了多个新品种[9-11]。……