抗根肿病大白菜品种抗性鉴定与性状评价

李慧楠 董军 王雅 肖晨 赵利民

摘    要：為探究大白菜不同品种在陕西太白地区对根肿病的抗性情况，减缓根肿病发生对当地蔬菜产业造成的威胁，分别采用人工接种抗病性鉴定和田间病圃自然诱发鉴定方法，对引自国内外的34个抗根肿病大白菜品种进行抗性鉴定、小区产量以及农艺性状综合评价。经过综合评定后最终筛选出6个高抗根肿病、耐未熟先期抽薹、易包心、产量高、叶色深绿、心叶黄色、球型大小等综合经济性状符合当地市场需求且适宜在太白高山越夏蔬菜产区推广的品种，分别是：‘耐斯高‘18白001‘CR金盛‘山地英雄‘金锦‘SSRC1，其中‘18白001净菜率和产量表现最佳，折合667 m2产量可达 5 644.73 kg。

关键词：大白菜;根肿病;抗性鉴定;性状评价

中图分类号：S634.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2020）07-039-05

Abstract： In order to explore the resistance of different Chinese cabbage varieties to clubroot disease in Taibai area of Shaanxi， and to reduce the threat to the local vegetable industry caused by the occurrence of clubroot disease， through injection method and natural induction of disease nursery in the field， 34 Chinese cabbage varieties with resistance to clubroot were identified. Through comprehensive evaluation of resistance level to clubroot disease， plot yield and some agronomic traits of different varieties， 6 cultivars were found with high-resistance club diseases， easy heart-wrenching， bolting resistance， high yield， dark green leaf color， yellow heart， spherical size and other comprehensive economic characteristics which meet the local market demand and are suitable for promotion in Taibai mountain summer vegetable production area： ‘Nesco and ‘18bai001， ‘CR Jinsheng， ‘mountain hero， ‘Jinjin and ‘SSRC1， among which ‘18bai001 has the best net produce rate and yield， which can be converted into 5 644.73 kg per 667 m2.

Key words： Chinese cabbage; Plasmodiophora brassicae; Resistance identification; Character evaluation

根肿病是芸薹根肿菌（Plasmodiophora brassicae Woron.）侵染十字花科作物导致根部肿大的一种真菌性病害，发病初期植株地上部分无明显症状，随着病情加重，发病后期植株地上部分出现叶片淡绿、边缘泛黄、生长缓慢、植株长势低矮与萎蔫等症状，病发严重会导致整株植株死亡。根肿病最早发生于地中海两岸和欧洲南部，由于种子带菌传播等原因，目前很多地区都有发生。陕西省太白县以种植十字花科蔬菜为主导产业，近年来，根肿病发生面积已达太白县十字花科蔬菜种植地的60%以上，严重时绝收，严重影响当地十字花科蔬菜的种植收益，威胁太白县蔬菜产业健康发展[1]。

选育抗根肿病品种是预防根肿病关键措施，近年来，国内许多科研单位对十字花科根肿病抗病育种进行了研究。……