3种农艺措施对大棚土温、秋番茄生长和茎基腐病的影响

王广印 马学军 陈碧华 郭卫丽 朱雨 杜倩 赵彬彬

摘    要：为了寻求番茄茎基腐病的绿色防控措施，研究了土壤耕作、银黑地膜覆盖和春番茄秸秆还田等农艺措施对大棚秋番茄田土温、番茄前期生长和茎基腐病的影响。结果表明，耕翻大棚土壤提高了土壤温度，减缓了大棚秋番茄前期的生长，加重了秋番茄茎基腐病的发生，耕翻区域发病率比对照提高了66.14%。采用银黑地膜覆盖土壤使得晴天0～20 cm深度土壤平均温度升高3 ℃，抑制了大棚秋番茄前期的生长，同时也比对照茎基腐病的发病率提高了171.9%。春番茄秸秆还田处理对于大棚秋番茄前期生长也有抑制作用，比对照茎基腐病发病率提高了425.5%。综上所述，在6—7月份大棚高温条件下，不宜采取耕翻土壤、银黑地膜覆盖和春番茄秸秆还田等栽培大棚秋番茄的技术措施。

关键词：秋番茄;大棚;土壤温度;茎基腐病

中图分类号：S641.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2020）07-044-07

Abstract： The paper aims to seek green control measures of tomato stem rot， the effects of agronomic measures such as soil tillage， silver-black plastic film mulching and spring tomato straw returning on soil temperature， early growth of tomato and stem rot in plastic house autumn tomato field were investigated.The results showed that the tillage soil in plastic house could increase soil temperature，could retard the early growth of autumn tomato in plastic house， and could aggravate the occurrence of autumn tomato stem rot，and the incidence percentage of autumn tomato stem rot for tillage soil increased by 66.14% compared with the control.The average soil temperature of 0-20 cm depth in sunny day was increased by 3℃ by mulching soil with silver-black plastic film， which inhibited the early stage growth of autumn tomato of plastic house.At the same time， the incidence percentage of stem rot was increased by 171.9% compared with the control.The returning of spring tomato straw also inhibited the autumn tomato early stage growth in plastic house， which increased the incidence percentage of basal stem rot by 425.5% compared with the control.In summary， under the high temperature conditions from June to July， it is not appropriate to adopt the technical measures of cultivating autumn tomato in plastic house， such as plowing soil， mulching with silver-black plastic film and returning spring tomato straw to the field.

Key words： Autumn tomato; Plastic house; Soil temperature; Basal stem rot

大棚秋番茄是指6月中下旬播種育苗，7月上中旬定植，9月上旬至10月上旬收获的一茬蔬菜，其育苗和前期生长都处在夏季伏天高温时期，对秋番茄生产极其不利。大棚秋番茄为河南省新乡市牧野区、延津县、原阳县及安阳市内黄县等地的主要秋季蔬菜，已经形成了河南省有影响的大棚秋番茄生产基地。

近年来，番茄茎基腐病愈来愈严重[1-4]，成为大棚秋番茄生产上的主要病害。研究发现，番茄茎基腐病与高温，特别是高土温关系密切[5]。在大棚秋番茄生产上，采取的土壤耕翻、银黑地膜覆盖和春番茄秸秆还田等农艺措施对大棚秋番茄田土温、番茄前期生长和茎基腐病的影响目前还少有报道。……