徐海霞 李红波 张春奇



摘 要:保护地栽培模式下,采用N、P、K 三因素二次饱和D-最优设计,对番茄品种‘洛番15号进行配比施肥试验,探索该番茄的最优配比施肥参数,找出施肥量与产量对应关系的数学模型。根据建立的二次多项式产量模型方程分析可知,番茄产量大于7 500 kg·667 m-2的最优N、P2O5、K2O配比区间为:施N量16.95~24 kg,施P2O5量11.63~15 kg,施K2O量20.93~27 kg;氮磷钾配比施肥参数最优设计为:N、P2O5、K2O配比施肥量為20.25 kg·667 m-2、12.88 kg·667 m-2、24.53 kg·667 m-2,即N∶P2O5∶K2O=1.57∶1∶1.9。
关键词:番茄;‘洛番15号;日光温室;施肥;区间;产量
中图分类号:S641.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2020)07-051-05
Abstract: In order to explore the optimum ratio of fertilization parameters of the tomato and find out the mathematical model of the relationship between fertilization amount and yield, a new tomato variety ‘Luofan 15 tomato selected by Luoyang Academy of agricultural and Forestry Sciences was used as material in this study, the three factors of N, P and K "quadratic saturation D-optimal design" were carried out under the protected cultivation mode. The results showed that the optimum ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O was 16.95-24 kg for N application, 11.63-15 kg for P2O5 application and 20.93-27 kg for K2O application, the tomato yield per 667 m2 was more than 7 500 kg under this ratio according to the analysis of the quadratic polynomial yield model. The optimal design of N, P, K fertilization parameters per 667 m2 was N, P2O5, K2O fertilization amount of 20.25 kg, 12.88 kg and 24.53 kg respectively. That was N∶P2O5∶K2O = 1.57∶1∶1.9.
Key words: Tomato; ‘Luofan 15; Solar greenhouse; Fertilization; Interval; Yield
番茄价格稳定,种植风险小,在洛阳地区深受栽培者欢迎,日光温室栽培已形成了一定的规模。番茄栽培品种较多,但适宜洛阳本地区保护地栽培和专用品种较少,针对当地施肥配套的番茄栽培技术也不太完善。‘洛番15号是洛阳农林科学院培育的适合保护地栽培的粉果番茄新品种。该番茄品种配套施肥技术也应当同步进行,氮磷钾施肥技术研究上多采用‘3414和二次饱和D最优设计施肥方案,例如邓云等[1]‘3414肥效试验对西瓜产量的影响及推荐施肥量分析,李红波等[2]‘洛番12号最佳氮磷钾需肥配比试验,均采用了‘3414试验设计,刘正民等[3]基于饱和D-最优设计的‘燕山早丰施肥研究、黄立华等[4]氮磷钾肥配施对大白菜产量和品质的影响,采用的是二次饱和D-最优回归设计。二次饱和D-最优设计是回归方程中各参数与试验各处理组合数数目相等的设计,此设计试验处理数少、误差小、精确度高、实用性较强,获得的信息量大,在农业试验中应用较多。……