有机肥配合减施磷肥对甜椒产量、品质及土壤有效磷含量的影响

周婕 赵跃 刘继培 黄楠 孙莉莉 李桐 李飒 李云

摘    要：为提高蔬菜品质，减少过量的化肥投入，在土壤速效磷含量较高的情况下，通过配合施用有机肥，研究追施磷肥对甜椒产量、品质和土壤速效磷的影响。设4个处理，分别为处理1（T1）：底肥不施用有机肥，不追施磷肥;处理2（T2）：底肥不施用有机肥，追施磷肥纯量5 kg·667 m-2;处理3（T3）：底肥施用有机肥2 000 kg·667 m-2，不追施磷肥;处理4（T4）：底肥施用有机肥2 000 kg·667 m-2，追施磷肥纯量5 kg·667 m-2。结果表明，施用有机肥后，不追施磷肥情况下对甜椒的产量和品质没有显著影响。其中，处理4甜椒产量最高，为2 430.75 kg·667 m-2，处理1产量最低，为2 019.80 kg·667 m-2。处理3甜椒果实品质优于处理1和处理2，与处理4之间无显著差异，说明施用有机肥后，不追施磷肥对甜椒品质没有明显影响。不施用磷肥能够减少有效磷在土壤中的累积，处理4施肥后土壤有效磷含量最高，为247 mg·kg-1，与其他处理相比分别增加40.34%、26.02%、13.30%。

关键词：甜椒;产量;品质;有效磷

中图分类号：S641.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2020）07-061-03

Abstract：In order to improve vegetable quality and reduce excessive chemical fertilizer input， this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of phosphorus fertilizer topdressing on sweet pepper yield， quality and soil available phosphorus under high phosphorus content soil.  A field experiment was carried out， four treatments were set up in this study， T1：base fertilizer was not applied organic fertilizer， no topdressing phosphorus fertilizer; T2：base fertilizer was not applied organic fertilizer， topdressing phosphorus fertilizer purity was 5 kg per 667 m2; T3：base fertilizer was applied organic fertilizer 2 000 kg per 667 m2， no topdressing phosphorus fertilizer; T4：base fertilizer was applied organic fertilizer 2 000 kg per 667 m2， topdressing phosphate fertilizer was 5 kg per 667 m2. The results showed that the yield and quality of sweet pepper were not affected by the application of organic fertilizer without phosphate fertilizer. The yield of sweet pepper in T4 was the highest （2 430.75 kg per 667 m2）， and that of T1 was the lowest （2 019.80 kg per 667 m2）. The fruit quality of treatment 3 was found no significant difference with treatment 4， which indicated that no application of P fertilizer had no significant effect on the quality of sweet pepper. No application of phosphorus fertilizer could reduce the accumulation of available phosphorus in soil. The highest content of available phosphorus was 247 mg·kg-1 in T4， which increased by 40.34%， 26.02% and 13.30% respectively compared with other treatments.

Key words：Sweet Pepper; Yield; Quality; Soil available phosphorus

甜椒中含有各種维生素、矿物质、膳食纤维等人体所必需的物质，是人们餐桌上必不可少的食物之一。在甜椒的实际生产中，合理施肥不仅是保证作物产量和品质的重要措施，同时对保证土壤的可持续利用有着重要意义，为追求产量而大量施用化肥，造成了土壤中速效养分的积累，土壤生态环境恶化，加重了地下水的污染。依据前人的研究结果，增加施肥量可以提高甜椒产量， 而过量施肥会降低产量及品质，直接降低经济效益[1]，为提高蔬菜品质应减少过量化肥投入[2]，控施氮肥能够提高甜椒品质及肥料利用率[3]，大幅降低氮素的淋洗和挥发，减轻了对环境的负面影响[4]。……