52例血液病患者合并带状疱疹的临床分析

2020-08-13 07:15:30金梦迪周欢欢刘宁
中国实用医药 2020年20期
关键词:危险因素症状

金梦迪 周欢欢 刘宁

【摘要】 目的 分析52例血液病患者合并带状疱疹的临床症状及其危险因素。方法 选取52例血液病合并带状疱疹患者作为研究组, 另选同期52例血液病无并发症患者作为对照组。对两组患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析, 经单因素分析筛选可能存在带状疱疹的危险因素。结果 两组患者性别、住院时间比较, 差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组患者年龄≥60岁、化疗、糖尿病、粒细胞缺乏症及疾病未缓解占比分别为65.38%、75.00%、65.38%、78.85%、73.08%, 均高于对照组的44.23%、44.23%、32.69%、30.77%、19.23%, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。血液病合并带状疱疹患者发疹前有轻度乏力、纳差及呕吐等全身症状, 其中25例患者有发热症状, 部分化疗患者有骨髓抑制情况。皮损类型中普通型41例, 严重型6例, 顿挫型5例, 同时患者患处皮肤出现灼热感或神经痛。带状疱疹疾病多发生于多发性骨髓瘤及淋巴瘤中。结论 对于血液病合并带状疱疹的危险因素, 应及时采取有效治疗措施, 降低血液病合并带状疱疹的发生率。

【关键词】 血液病;合并带状疱疹;危险因素;症状

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2020.20.021

【Abstract】 Objective   To analyze the clinical symptoms and risk factors of herpes zoster in patients with hematopathy. Methods   There were 52 herpes zoster patients with hematopathy selected as the research group, and another 52 herpes zoster patients without hematopathy as the control group. The clinical data of the two groups was retrospectively analyzed, and the risk factors for herpes zoster were screened by single factor analysis. Results   There was no statistically significant difference in gender and hospitalization time between the two groups (P>0.05). The proportion of patients in the research group who were ≥60 years old, chemotherapy, diabetes, agranulocytosis, and unrelieved disease were 65.38%, 75.00%, 65.38%, 78.85%, 73.08%, which were higher than those of the control group 44.23%, 44.23%, 32.69%, 30.77%, 19.23%, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Before the eruption, the patients with hematopathy and herpes zoster had some systemic symptoms, such as mild asthenia, poor appetite and vomiting. Among them, 25 patients had fever symptoms, and some chemotherapy patients had myelosuppression. There were 41 cases of common type of skin lesion, 6 cases of severe type, and 5 cases of frustration type. At the same time, the patients skin appeared burning or neuralgia. Herpes zoster disease usually occurred in multiple myeloma and lymphoma. Conclusion   For the risk factors of herpes zoster and hematopathy, effective treatment measures should be taken in time to reduce the incidence of hematopathy combined with herpes zoster.

【Key words】 Hematopathy; Herpes zoster; Risk factors; Symptoms

造血系統疾病俗称血液病, 是主要累及造血系统的疾病, 临床症状表现为贫血、出血、发热、淋巴结、肝、脾大等特征的疾病。血液病在临床较常见的疾病有白血病、浆细胞瘤、淋巴瘤、再生障碍性贫血、免疫性血小板减少症、溶血性贫血等, 医院通常采取的治疗方式为化疗、放疗、免疫抑制及激素等, 大多血液病患者的免疫力较低, 再加上放化疗等因素, 导致引发带状疱疹的几率较高[1]。带状疱疹是影响神经和皮肤的一种感染性疾病, 由水痘-带状疱疹病毒引起, 因皮疹呈带状型, 亦称带状疱疹, 随着年龄越高患病几率越高, 因血液病患者的免疫力较低, 极易引发带状疱疹的情况。国内很多研究都聚焦在血液病患者发生的细菌、真菌感染上, 相对于各种病毒感染的大样本的病例研究不多。选取本院2015年7月~2019年10月收治的血液病合并带状疱疹患者52例作为研究对象, 分析血液病合并带状疱疹的临床症状和危险因素, 具体分析如下。

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