广西国有三门江林场西南桦引种造林试验初探

周燕　赵吉吉　韦泳丽

摘 要：在广西壮族自治区国有三门江林场开展西南桦引种造林试验。参试品种2个，分别来源于热带林业中心、百色市西林县。通过测定西南桦树高、胸径、材积及蓄积量，观察抗病虫害能力、抗寒性以及开花结实情况，初步探索其生长适应性及丰产性。试验结果显示：17年生热带林业中心西南桦林分平均胸径20.10 cm、平均树高23.10 m、平均蓄积494.51 m3/hm2、年均蓄积生长量29.09 m3/hm2;10年生百色西林县西南桦林分平均胸径14.63 cm、平均树高14.40 m、平均蓄积163.15 m3/hm2、年均蓄积生长量16.32 m3/hm2，超过南方阔叶树速生丰产林指标（15 m3/hm2 ），表明在三门江林场该2个西南桦品种表现出较好的适应性和速生丰产性。

关键词：西南桦 引种造林 初探

中图分类号：S792.15                    文獻标识码：A

Primary Study on Introduction and Afforestation of Betula alnoides in Sanmenjiang State-owned Forest Farm of Guangxi

ZHOU Yan， ZHAO Jiji， WEI Yongli

（Sanmenjiang State-owned Forest Farm of Guangxi， Liuzhou，545006， China）

Abstract： Two varieties of Betula alnoides from Center of Tropical Forestry and Xilin county， Baise city were used to conduct an experiment of introduction and afforestation in Sanmenjiang State-owned Forest Farm of Guangxi. The growth adaptability and prolificacy of Betula alnoides were explored preliminarily by measuring their tree height， diameter， stem volume and stand volume， and surveying their disease and insect resistance， cold resistance， flowering and fruiting. Results showed that the average tree height， diameter， total growing stock and annual growing stock of the 17-year-old Betula alnoides from Center of Tropical Forestry were 20.10 cm， 23.10 m， 494.51 m3/hm2 and 29.09 m3/hm2， respectively;and that of the 10-year-old Betula alnoides from Xilin county， Baise City were 14.63 cm， 14.40 m， 163.15 m3 / hm2 and 16.32 m3 / hm2， respectively. The indexes of total growing stock of the two varieties far exceeded that of the southern broad-leaf trees （15 m3 / hm2）. The two varieties of Betula alnoides showed good adaptability， fast growth and prolificacy in Sanmenjiang State-owned Forest Farm of Guangxi.

Key words：Betula alnoides;introduction and afforestation;primary study

西南桦（Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don）是我国热带、南亚热带地区的优良用材树种和生态公益林树种，其树干通直圆满，木材具有密度适中，纹理优美，不翘不裂，易于加工等优良特性，被应用于制作木地板、高档家具，也是室内装饰、单板贴面的理想材料，具有较高的经济价值[1]。西南桦的开发利用对当前的林种、树种和材种结构调整，对高档用材的开发利用都有很大意义和作用。基于我区木材市场需求保持增长的态势以及速丰桉单一树种大面积造林造成的潜在生态危险，广西壮族自治区国有三门江林场在桂中适宜区开展西南桦引种造林引种试验，研究成果预期为林场大面积推广西南桦造林提供理论依据，拓宽桂中短周期工业用材林树种。

1 材料与方法