不同类型及分期儿童哮喘气道功能及气道炎症指标的分析

2020-08-17 01:29张莹艾涛张蕾罗荣华
健康必读·下旬刊 2020年8期
关键词:咳嗽变异性哮喘肺功能哮喘

张莹 艾涛 张蕾 罗荣华

【摘 要】:目的:分析儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘(CVA)及典型支气管哮喘(以下简称哮喘)的不同分期中气道功能、气道炎症指标,探讨其对哮喘管理的临床意义。方法:回顾性分析2016年11月~2017年11月我院收治的CVA患儿56例、典型哮喘临床缓解期患儿134例、典型哮喘急性发作期患儿89例、健康体检儿童80例的用力通气肺功能FVC、FEV 1、FEF25-75%、呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)检测值。结果:1、急性期组与缓解期组、CVA组及对照组相比,FVC%、FEV1%及FEF25-75%明显降低(P<0.01)。2、急性期组、缓解期组及CVA组与对照组相比,FeNO值升高(P<0.05)。3、急性期组、缓解期组及CVA组与对照组相比,FeNO值<20ppb的样本率明显降低(p<0.01);FeNO值>35ppb的样本率明显升高(p<0.01)。结论:对小气道功能及高FeNO值(>35ppb)的监测对于哮喘的诊断和管理更有临床意义;CVA的气道功能损伤及气道功能炎症均轻于典型哮喘。

【关键词】:儿童;哮喘;咳嗽变异性哮喘;肺功能;呼出气一氧化氮

Abstract:Objective: To find the difference of the index of airway function and inflammation between children cough variant asthma and typical asthma , and to investigate the clinic significance of the index for asthma management. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the index of forced lung function, fractional exhaled nitric oxide(FeNO), and skin prick test in 359 children with cough variant asthma, asthma clinical remission, acute asthma attack, and healthy children in Chengdu womens and childrens central hospital during November 2016 to November 2017. Results: 1. There were significant differences in index of FVC%, FEV1%, and FEF25-75% between the exacerbation group and the other 3 groups (P<0.01). 2. There were differences in values of FeNO and the positive rates of skin prick between the asthma groups and the control group(P<0.05). 3.There were significant differences in the percentage of children with FeNO <20ppb and >35ppb between the asthma groups and the control group(P<0.01). Conclusion:Small airway function damage and the high FeNO (>35ppb) is more helpful for diagnose and management of asthma; The airway inflammation and impaired airway function of typical asthma are more serious than CVA.

Keywords: Children; Asthma; Cough variant asthma(CVA); Lung function; Fractional exhaled nitric oxide

【中图分类号】R725.6【文献标识码】A【文章编号】1672-3783(2020)08-24--01

支气管哮喘(以下简称哮喘)是儿童常见的呼吸道慢性疾病,近年我国儿童哮喘患病率呈明显上升趋势,哮喘严重影响患儿的身心健康,也给家庭和社会带来沉重的精神及经济负担,早期诊断、干预和规范化管理有利于控制疾病、改善预后及減轻家庭和社会负担。2018年GINA更强调了应重视哮喘的管理而避免未来风险的发生[1]。典型哮喘表现为反复发作的喘息,咳嗽变异性哮喘(cough variant asthma,CVA)是一种以咳嗽为主要或单一症状的特殊类型的哮喘。目前儿童哮喘尚缺乏特异性的确诊依据,其诊断、分型及管理主要依据临床表现、体征和肺功能指标等[2]。用力通气肺功能检测是评价气道功能的有力手段;呼出气一氧化氮(fractional exhaled nitric oxide,FeNO)测定技术趋于成熟,可以无创的反映气道嗜酸性粒细胞性炎症,已被学术界认可用于哮喘的诊断和指导治疗[3]。本研究旨在分析不同类型及不同分期的儿童哮喘气道功能及气道炎症的指标,进一步探讨其在儿童哮喘管理中的临床意义。

1 对象与方法

1.1 研究对象

选择2016年11月至2017年11月于我院就诊行用力通气肺功能、FeNO的359例儿童,其中CVA56例(CVA组)、典型哮喘临床缓解期患儿134例(以下简称缓解期组)、典型哮喘急性发作期患儿89例(以下简称发作期组)、健康体检儿童80例(对照组)。纳入标准:依从性好,可完成用力通气肺功能、FeNO;近2周无糖皮质激素、白三烯受体拮抗剂应用史及被动吸烟病史。排除标准:有心脏病、肺结核、支气管异物、支气管肺发育不良及其他先天性气道畸形等疾病患儿。患儿诊断和病情评估符合儿童哮喘诊断与防治指南(2016年版)[2]。本研究已经过我院医学伦理委员会审核批准。

中華医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组肺功能协作组,《中华实用儿科临床杂志》编辑委员会. 儿童肺功能系列指南(二):肺容积和通气功能[J]. 中华实用儿科杂志,2016,31(10):744-50.

American Thoracic Society, European Respiratory Society. ATS/ERS recommendations for standardized procedures for the online and offline measurement of exhaled lower respiratory nitric oxide and nasal nitric oxide, 2005[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2005,171(8):912-30.

Fujimura M. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of cough variant asthma[J]. Rinsho Byori, 2014,62(5):464-70.

Usmani OS. Small airways dysfunction in asthma: evaluation and management to improve asthma control[J]. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res, 2014, 6(5):376-88.

Liu X, Wang X, Yao X,et al. Value of Exhaled Nitric Oxide and FEF25–75 in Identifying Factors Associated With Chronic Cough in Allergic Rhinitis[J]. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res, 2019,11(6):830-45.

Feng-jia C, Xin-yan H, Geng Peng L, et al. Validity of fractional exhaled nitric oxide and small airway function indices in diagnosis of cough-variant asthma[J]. Journal of Asthma, 2018,7(55):750-55.

Dweik RA, Boggs PB, Erzurum SC, et al. An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2011,184(5):602-15.

Bjermer L, Alving K, Diamant Z, et al. Current evidence and future research needs for FeNO measurement in respiratory diseases[J]. Respir Med, 2014,108(6):830-41.

Di Cara G, Marcucci F, Palomba A, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide in children with allergic rhinitis: a potential biomarker of asthma development[J]. Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 2015,26(1):85-7.

Kim YH, Park HB, Kim MJ, et al. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and impulse oscillometry in children with allergic rhinitis[J]. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res, 2014, 6(1): 27-32.

Ritz T, Kullowatz A, Bill MN, et al. Daily life negative mood and exhaled nitric oxide in asthma[J]. Biol Psychol, 2016,7(118):176-83.

Lu M, Wu B, Che D, et al. FeNO and Asthma Treatment in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J]. Medicine, 2015,4(94):1-8.

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