个体技能训练在流浪精神病患者康复护理中的应用效果

黄爱勤 韦畅书 黄菊娟 许佩娜

[摘要]目的 探討个体技能训练在流浪精神病患者康复护理中的应用效果。方法 选取2017年1月～2019年1月我院收治的92例流浪精神病患者，采用随机双盲法分为观察组和对照组，每组各46例。对照组进行常规康复护理，观察组在对照组基础上采用个体技能训练。比较两组入院时和护理6个月后的康复状态量表（MRSS）、阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）评分和自知力与治疗态度问卷（ITAQ），观察复发情况。结果 护理6个月后，两组PANSS、MRSS评分低于入院时，ITAQ评分高于入院时，且观察组ITAQ评分高于对照组，PANSS、MRSS评分低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。护理6个月后，观察组复发率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 个体技能训练在流浪精神病患者康复护理中应用效果显著，可改善临床精神症状，提高生活自理能力，值得临床推广应用。

[关键词]个体技能训练;流浪精神病;康复护理;效果

[中图分类号] R473.74          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-4721（2020）7（b）-0248-03

Application effect of individual skill training in rehabilitation nursing of vagrant mental patients

HUANG Ai-qin   WEI Chang-shu   Huang Ju-juan   XU Pei-na

The First Department of Treatment， Mental Hospital of Guangzhou Civil Affairs Bureau， Guangdong Province， Guangzhou  510430， China

[Abstract] Objective To discuss the application effect of individual skill training in rehabilitation nursing of vagrant mental patients. Methods A total of 92 cases of vagrant psychosis admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to January 2019 were selected， they were divided into observation group and control group by randomized double-blind method， 46 cases in each group. The control group was given routine rehabilitation nursing and the observation group was given individual skill training on the basis of the control group. The recovery state scale （MRSS）， positive and negative symptom scale （PANSS） scores and self-knowledge and treatment attitude questionnaire （ITAQ） were compared between the two groups， when they came to hospital and after six months of nursing care， and their recurrence were observed. Results After 6 months of nursing care， the scores of PANSS and MRSS in the two groups were lower than those at admission， the ITAQ scores were higher than that at admission and the ITAQ score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group， the scores of PANSS and MRSS were lower than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. After 6 months of nursing， the recurrence rate of the observation group was lower than that in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion The application of individual skill training in the rehabilitation nursing of vagrant mental patients is significant. It can improve the clinical mental symptoms， improve the ability of self-care， and it is worth popularizing in clinical practice.

[Key words] Individual skill training; Vagrant psychosis; Rehabilitation nursing; Effect

精神疾病是一种慢性病，具有反复发作、慢性化倾向等特点[1]，严重危害人们身心健康和生活质量，对家庭及社会带来沉重负担和心理压力。流浪精神病患者由于无家人照护，随疾病发作患者社会能力减退，甚至发生公共危害事件[2-3]，社会影响恶劣，不利于社会稳定和谐。多数流浪精神病患者经医院系统化治疗，加以康复护理能稳定情绪，减少发作次数。流浪精神病患者属于社会不安定因素，当再次刺激流浪精神病患者不定时发病，影响居民身心健康，甚至威胁生命，需要对流浪精神病患者进行个体技能训练及研究。本研究旨在讨论个体技能训练用于流浪精神病患者的康复护理效果，按照个体技能训练理论体系，对我院92例流浪精神病患者实施自我处理药物技能训练、自我处理症状技能训练、生活技能训练及社会相关技能训练，现报道如下。……