?抗Ⅱ型褐飞虱水稻品种对田间褐飞虱生物型结构的影响

2020-09-02 07:30:09覃丽莎吴碧球李成黄芊凌炎黄凤宽龙丽萍黄所生
湖南农业科学 2020年7期

?覃丽莎 吴碧球 李成 黄芊 凌炎 黄凤宽 龙丽萍 黄所生

摘 要:采用蜜露量测定法对水稻品种桂华占(高感)、佛山油占(中抗)、桂引901(中抗)、90-572(抗)和国粳4号(抗)上的褐飞虱进行生物型个体测定,比较了不同抗性品种种植后田间褐飞虱各生物型的结构比例。结果表明:在种植佛山油占、桂引901、90-572和国粳4号的大田中,褐飞虱Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅱ+Ⅲ型混合发生,但以Ⅱ型为主;Ⅰ型在国粳4号上的比例最高,达30.12%,在90-572上最低,占14.87%;Ⅱ型在桂华占上的比例高于其他抗虫品种上的比例,高达66.72%,Ⅲ型在几个抗虫品种上的比例均比桂华占上的比例高,Ⅱ+Ⅲ型在抗虫品种国粳4号、佛山油占、桂引901和90-572上的比例远高于桂华占上的比例。这表明,抗Ⅱ型褐飞虱的水稻品种种植后,提高了致害力更强的Ⅱ+Ⅲ型的比例,连年种植抗Ⅱ型褐飞虱水稻品种,其抗性有丧失的风险。

关键词:抗虫水稻品种;褐飞虱;生物型;结构比例;大田

中图分类号: S433.1, S435.112+.3文献标识码:A文章编号:1006-060X(2020)07-0068-03

Abstract: In this study, the brown rice planthopper [Nilaparvata lugens (Stal)] (BPH) individuals were collected respectively from the paddy fields of these rice cultivars Guihuazhan (high susceptible), Foshanyouzhan (medium resistant), Guiyin 901 (medium resistant), 90-572 (resistant) and Guojing 4 (resistant), and determined by honeydew excretions measurement to compare the proportions of different BPH biotypes. The result showed that BPH biotypeⅠ, biotypeⅡ, biotypeⅢ and biotypeⅡ+Ⅲ occurred together in paddy fields of Foshanyouzhan, Guiyin 901, 90-572 and Guojing 4, but mainly biotypeⅡ. The largest proportion of biotypeⅠ was on Guojing 4, up to 30.12%, and its lowest proportion was on 90~572, accounting for 14.87%. The proportion of biotypeⅡ on Guihuazhan was higher than that on the insect-resistant varieties, up to 66.72%. The proportions of biotype Ⅲ on the insect-resistant varieties were higher than that on the susceptible control variety, Guihuazhan. The proportions of biotypeⅡ+Ⅲ on Guojing 4, Foshanyouzhan, Guiyin 901 and 90-572 were far higher than that on Guihuazhan, which indicated that the consecutive planting of BPH biotypeⅡ-resistant rice varieties increased the proportion of BPH biotypeⅡ+Ⅲ which has stronger virulence, so the biotypeⅡ-resistant rice variety may lose its resistance if planted in successive years.

Key words: insect-resistant rice variety; brown rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens); biotype; proportion of biotype; paddy field

褐飛虱[Nilaparvata lugens(St?l)]是水稻的主要害虫。利用抗虫品种防控褐飞虱是目前生产中最经济有效的措施。1973年国际水稻研究所(IRRI)在东南亚国家推广了褐飞虱抗性品种IR26,1976年田间就发现了能为害IR26的Ⅱ型褐飞虱,于是针对新型褐飞虱的抗性品种IR36被广泛推广,但到了1982年,这些抗性品种对褐飞虱的抗性已基本丧失[1-4];1983年新的抗性品种IR64引进越南,但到1988年便也失效了[5]。Hollander等[6]的研究表明,抗虫品种被褐飞虱连续取食多代后,其致害性会发生变化,可能转变成另一种生物型。张志涛等[7]研究表明,在抗虫品种的抗性胁迫下,褐飞虱的致害性将发生变化,经若干代后,可从不能致害逐渐转化为能致害。……

登录APP查看全文