心理护理干预和健康教育在冠心病患者中的应用效果

梁洪艳

[摘要]目的 探讨心理护理干预和健康教育在冠心病患者中的应用效果。方法 选取我院2018年1月～2019年10月收治的84例冠心病患者作为研究对象，按照奇偶数法分为对照组和观察组，每组各42例。对照组采用常规护理，观察组采用心理护理干预和健康教育，比较两组患者护理前后的生活质量及心理状况。结果 干预后，观察组患者的生活质量各指标评分均高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组患者干预后的焦虑、抑郁评分均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 在冠心病患者中应用心理护理干预和健康教育，可改善其生活质量，降低焦虑、抑郁程度，使其获得良好的心理状态，临床应用效果可靠。

[关键词]心理护理干预;健康教育;冠心病;生活质量;心理状况

[中图分类号] R473.5          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-4721（2020）8（c）-0238-04

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of psychological nursing intervention and health education in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 84 patients with coronary heart disease admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to October 2019 were selected as the research objects， and were divided into control group and observation group according to the odd-even number method， with 42 cases in each group. The control group used conventional nursing care， and the observation group used psychological nursing intervention and health education， the quality of life and psychological status before and after nursing were compared between the two groups. Results After the intervention， the scores of various indicators of the quality of life in the observation group were higher than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）; the anxiety and depression scores after the intervention in the observation group were lower than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion The application of psychological nursing intervention and health education in patients with coronary heart disease can improve their quality of life， reduce anxiety and depression， and enable them to obtain a good psychological state， the clinical application effect is reliable.

[Key words] Psychological nursing intervention; Health education; Coronary heart disease; Quality of life; Psychological state

人體冠状动脉血管出现粥样硬化病变后，可引起血管腔狭窄或阻塞，导致心肌缺血、缺氧、坏死，进而形成冠心病[1]。该疾病多发于中老年群体[2]，临床主要表现为突感心前区疼痛，多为发作性绞痛或压榨痛，诱发因素包括季节变化、情绪波动、体力劳动、吸烟及饮酒行为等[3]。冠心病在临床治疗中的费用较高，部分患者受疾病、经济压力等的影响，可导致心理状态产生变化[4]。临床研究证实，多数冠心病患者存在焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪，长期以往，可对临床治疗产生消极影响，不利于控制病情[5]。心理护理是指在护理期间，医护人员合理运用心理学及临床护理操作，通过积极影响患者的心理活动，达到护理目标[6];健康教育则是在有计划、有组织、有系统的社会教育活动中，使人体自觉采纳健康行为及生活方式，减轻影响健康的危险因素，提高患者的生活质量[7]。本研究以冠心病患者为研究对象，合理探究应用心理护理干预和健康教育的效果，现报道如下。……