AB股结构对非控制股东权益的救济

2020-10-21 23:06:50周鑫颖
科学导报·学术 2020年32期

周鑫颖

摘  要:AB股结构将股东投票权与收益权分离,创始人团队通过超级表决权和董事提名优先权控制公司,突破了同股同权的股权结构及其背后的股东形式平等,承认股东异质化,尊重在股东风险偏好、投资能力等方面的不同,被中外学者认为有利于公司长远发展。我国学者在呼吁引入AB股结构时,意识到该结构在发源地美国主要是解决恶意收购问题,而我国投资市场和公司发展并非如此;学者们也承认该结构不利于非控制股东的权益保护,提出在允许上市公司采用AB股结构时,要通过公司章程治理和法律法规、监管机构的制度安排以减少、克服对非控制股东的不利影响。

关键词:同股不同权;股东异质化;公司章程;法律法规;监管机构

Relief of non-controlling shareholders' equity with AB share structure

ZHOU Xin-ying

(Law School,Northwest University,Shaanxi Xian 710127,China)

Abstract:The AB share structure separates the shareholder voting rights from the income rights. The founder team has super voting rights and director nomination priorities to control the company. It breaks through the shareholding structure of the same shareholder and the principle of equality of shareholder form behind it,and recognizes the heterogeneity of shareholders. Differentiation,respect for shareholder risk appetite,investment ability,is recognized as beneficial to the long-term development of the company. The protection of rights and interests proposes that when the listed company is allowed to adopt the AB share structure,it must pass the corporate governance and laws and regulations,and the reasonable design of the regulatory agency to reduce and overcome the adverse impact on non-controlling shareholders.

Keywords:different rights of the same share;heterogeneity of shareholders;company rules;laws and regulations;regulatory agencies

一、研究背景

AB股结构即双层股权结构,上市公司将发行的普通股(非优先股)分为两类,一类股票有数倍于另一类股票的投票权以及董事提名优先权,即“超级表决权”的普通股(B类股票),允许部分股东(通常是企业创始人、管理层、家族成员持有)在只有少数股票的情况下依然能控制公司。例如,京东纳斯达克IPO后,创始人刘强东仅持有公司22.66%的股份,通过AB股结构安排,取得了83.7%的表决权,牢牢掌握着京东。相应的,超级表决权股票不能转让,若要转让需先转换成一股一票的普通股。AB股結构将公司的投票权和剩余索取权分离。

我国《公司法》及关于企业的法律法规均未规定AB股结构,上市公司发行股票仍旧主要采用传统的一股一票制度。……

登录APP查看全文