宁麦30的产量表现及其产量构成因素分析

姚金保 张鹏 余桂红 杨学明 周淼平 张平平

摘要 [目的]了解寧麦30的丰产性及其产量构成三因素与产量之间关系，为其大面积推广提供依据。[方法]利用国家冬小麦长江中下游2015—2017年度品种比较试验、2017—2019年度区域试验和2019—2020年度生产试验数据进行分析。[结果]宁麦30在3组试验中平均产量较对照扬麦20分别增产5.16%、5.22%和4.99%。在88个试验点次中，宁麦30的平均穗数452.8万/hm2、穗粒数36.6粒、千粒重45.9 g、籽粒产量6 493.1 kg/hm2。相关分析表明，有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重与产量均呈极显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.557 5、0.744 0和0.379 5。通径分析表明，穗粒数、有效穗数和千粒重对产量的直接通径数值较大且接近，说明该品种的产量三因素已在较高水平上达到协调。宁麦30的高产栽培技术应保证足够的成穗数，主攻穗粒数，并兼顾千粒重。[结论]宁麦30丰产性好，产量三因素较协调，适宜在长江中下游地区大面积推广种植。

关键词 宁麦30;产量;产量构成因素

中图分类号 S512.1  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）24-0050-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.24.011

Analysis on Yield Performance and Yield Components of Wheat Cultivar Ningmai 30

YAO Jin-bao1，2， ZHANG Peng1，2， YU Gui-hong1 et al

（1.Institute of Food Crops， Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanjing， Jiangsu 210014;2.Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops， Yangzhou University， Yangzhou，Jiangsu 225009）

Abstract [Objective] To understand the relationship between the three factors of Ningmai 30's high yield and its yield composition and yield， and to provide a basis for its large area promotion.[Method]The analysis was made on the data of the wheat variety comparison test in 2015-2017， wheat regional tests in 2017-2019 and wheat production test in 2019-2020 in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River. [Result]The average yield of Ningmai 30 increased by 5.16%，5.22% and 4.99% respectively compared with that of the check variety Yangmai 20 in three trials. The average spike number， grain number per spike， 1 000-grain weight and grain yield of Ningmai 30 tested at 88 locations were 452.8×104/hm2， 36.6， 45.9 g and 6 493.1 kg/hm2， respectively. Correlation analysis showed that spike number， grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight were significantly positively correlated with grain yield， and the correlation coefficients were 0.557 5，0.744 0 and 0.379 5，respectively.Path analysis showed that the spike number，the grain number per spike and the 1 000-grain weight had greater effect on the grain yield， the direct path values of three yield components were higher and closer， indicating that they had been coordinated at a higher level.The high yield cultivation techniques of Ningmai 30 should ensure sufficient spike number， focus on the number per spike and take into account the 1 000-grain weight. [Conclusion] Ningmai 30 had high yield potential and good coordination on yield components， and it was suitable for large area promotion in the mid-lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words Ningmai 30;Yield;Yield components

基金项目 江苏省农业重大新品种创制（PZCZ201705）;农业部现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-03）。

作者简介 姚金保（1962—），男，江苏常熟人，研究员，硕士，主要从事小麦遗传育种研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-03

小麦品种宁麦30系江苏省农业科学院粮食作物研究所选用综合抗病性较强、大穗大粒、熟相好的高代品系宁0798为母本，高产、多花多粒、中抗赤霉病品系宁9-36为父本配制杂交，后代采用混合集团法经多世代田间抗性、丰产性选择结合早代品质鉴定选育而成，2020年12月经国家农作物品种审定委员会审定定名，适宜在长江中下游冬麦区的江苏和安徽两省淮河以南、湖北、浙江、上海和河南信阳地区种植。……