食用向日葵的重金属污染健康风险评价

马玉 汪溪远 王志强 刘玉莹 万彦博 程维明

摘要 对阿勒泰地区青河县大规模种植的食用向日葵和其种植地土壤进行采样调查，采用单因子指数法和内梅罗指数法、生物富集系数、靶标危害系数和危害指数进行评价。结果表明：向日葵种植土壤中重金属Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd的含量均超过阿勒泰地区的本底值;向日葵的毛根和籽粒对各种重金属的吸收能力较强，在籽粒中Cd与Cr的含量较高，易造成健康风险;向日葵对Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd 4种元素的转移能力较强，其中地上部对Cr和Cd的富集系数较高;籽粒中As和Cr元素的风险指数较高，对成人的健康威胁更大;危害指数的估算表明，重金属的累积会对人体造成较大的危害。建议当地将种植方式改变为轮作，且合理地使用化肥和农药，收割植物时连根拔起，以减少土壤重金属的累积。

关键词 向日葵;重金属污染;单因子指数法;富集系数;健康风险

中图分类号 X173  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）24-0083-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.24.019

Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Edible Sunflower—A Case Study of Qinghe County， Altay， Xinjiang

MA Yu1，2，WANG Xi-yuan1，WANG Zhi-qiang1，2 et al

（1.College of Resources and Environmental Science， Xinjiang University， Key Laboratory of Smart City and Environmental Modeling for Autonomous Regional Universities， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830046;2. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology， Urumqi， Xinjiang 830046）

Abstract Sampling surveys of edible sunflowers grown on a large scale in Qinghe County， Altay Prefecture and the soil of their planting areas were carried out using single factor index method and Nemerow index method， bioconcentration coefficient， target hazard coefficient and hazard index for evaluation.The results showed that the content of heavy metals Cr， Cu， Zn， As， and Cd in sunflower planting soil all exceeded the background value in Altay region;sunflower hair roots and seeds have a strong ability to absorb various heavy metals， and the content of Cd and Cr in the seeds is relatively high， which may easily cause health risks;sunflower had a strong ability to transfer Cr， Cu， Zn， and Cd， among which the aboveground part had a high enrichment coefficient of Cr and Cd; the high risk index of As and Cr in seeds poses a greater threat to the health of adults;the estimation of the hazard index shows that the accumulation of heavy metals will cause great harm to human body. It is suggested that the local planting methods should be changed to crop rotation， and proper use of fertilizers and pesticides should be used to uproot plants during harvesting to reduce the accumulation of heavy metals in the soil.

Key words Sunflower;Heavy metal pollution;Single factor exponential method;Enrichment coefficient;Health risks

基金項目 新疆维吾尔族自治区自然科学基金（2019D01C068）;伊犁哈萨克自治州阿勒泰地区科学技术局项目“阿勒泰山水林田湖草生命共同体机制机理与关键修复技术研究”（专题4）。

作者简介 马玉（1995—），女，新疆乌鲁木齐人，硕士研究生，研究方向：干旱土壤污染防治与治理。

*通信作者，副教授，硕士生导师，从事环境科学研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-26

向日葵作为我国五大油料作物之一，在东北、西北和华北地区都有大面积种植[1]，种植面积约为113.09万hm2，葵花籽年产量接近200万t，经济价值十分可观。……