山南乃东区支那河流域土壤盐渍化特征分析

张飞龙 黄利英

摘要 为了探明山南乃东区支那河流域土壤盐渍化特征，以支那河周边盐渍化程度严重弃耕农田为对象，采用相关分析法和主成分分析法，开展盐渍化危害离子的研究，旨在为该区域盐渍化耕地改良提供科学依据。结果表明，研究区土壤属酸性土壤。土壤总盐随着土层深度的增加而降低，呈现表聚型特征。表层土壤总盐含量为7.34 g/kg，评价属于重度盐渍化。0～20  cm表层土壤全盐量與Cl-、SO42-表现出极强的相关性，20～50  cm土层全盐量与Cl-的相关性明显减弱，2个剖面pH与Cl-、SO42-呈现负相关。主成分分析结果表明，0～20  cm与20～50  cm土层主成分基本一致，结合各离子的剖面含量特征可知，影响该地区土壤中盐渍化的主要盐分是硫酸化盐。

关键词 土壤盐渍化;变化特征;相关分析;主成分分析;山南乃东区支那河流域

中图分类号 S156.4  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）24-0102-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.24.023

Analysis on the Characteristics of Soil Salinization in Zhina River Basin of Shannan Naidong District

ZHANG Fei-long， HUANG Li-ying （Institute of Agricultural Quality Standards and Testing， Tibet Autonomous Region Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences， Lhasa， Tibet 850000）

Abstract In order to explore the characteristics of soil salinization in Zhina River Basin of Shannan Naidong District，taking the abandoned farmland with severe salinization around the Zhina River as the object，the correlation analysis method and principal component analysis method were used to carry out research on salinization hazardous ions， aiming to provide a scientific basis for the improvement of salinized cultivated land in this area.The results showed that the soil in the study area was acidic soil.The total soil salt decreased with the increase of soil depth， showing phenotype characteristics.The total salt content of the surface soil was 7.34 g/kg， which was evaluated as severe salinization.There was a strong correlation between the total salt content of the 0-20  cm surface layer and Cl-，SO42-， and the correlation between the total salt content of the 20-50  cm soil layer and Cl- was obviously weakened， and the pH of the two profiles was negatively correlated with Cl- and SO42-.The results of principal component analysis showed that the principal components of the 0-20  cm and 20-50  cm soil layers were basically the same.Combined with the profile content characteristics of each ion， it could be known that the main salt that affected the salinization of the soil in this area was sulfated salt.

Key words Soil salinization;Change characteristics;Correlation analysis;Principal component analysis;Zhina River Basin of Shannan Naidong District

基金项目 西藏自治区科技厅重点研发计划（XZ201901NB06）。

作者简介 张飞龙（1987—），男，陕西佳县人，助理研究员，硕士，从事农业环境研究。*通信作者，研究员，从事农业环境研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-28

土壤盐渍化是一种土壤退化的形式，也是一种生态环境恶化的现象[1]。近年来，土壤盐渍化与次生盐渍化问题日益突出，盐渍化耕地面积不断扩大，区域生态环境急剧恶化，严重影响了农作物的生长发育[2]。盐渍土的发生受区域性因素的影响较大，其盐分组成及离子比例具有明显的地域特点，积盐、脱盐过程以及盐分组成随生物、气候、地带性土壤的发生过程的不同存在较大差异[3]。……