不同品种缓控释肥对玉米产量性状•养分吸收及籽粒品质的影响

徐峰 钟文 胡昕 刘光磊

摘要 以玉米品种明天695为研究对象，设置常规施肥（处理①）、绿聚能复合肥（处理②）、中盐红四方玉米缓释肥（处理③）、金正大控释掺混肥（處理④）、鲁西脲甲醛复合肥（处理⑤）、辉煌灿烂控释型掺混肥（处理⑥）、不施氮肥（处理⑦）共7个处理，研究在投入同等养分的前提下，5种缓控释肥对明天695产量性状、养分吸收和籽粒品质的影响。结果表明，处理②和处理⑤的玉米产量、穗粒数、千粒重均显著高于其他处理，玉米籽粒中K含量和秸秆中N、P、K含量也均较高;5种缓控释肥处理下的玉米籽粒中VC、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质含量均显著高于常规施肥处理。综合分析可知，绿聚能复合肥和鲁西脲甲醛复合肥是当地玉米栽培缓控释肥的较好选择。

关键词 玉米;缓控释肥;产量性状;养分吸收;籽粒品质

中图分类号 S513  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）24-0172-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.24.041

Effects of Different Slow and Controlled Release Fertilizers on Yield Traits， Nutrient Absorption and Kernel Quality of Corn

XU Feng1，ZHONG Wen2，HU Xin2 et al

（1.Juxian Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau，Juxian，Shandong 276599;2.Shandong Provincial Seed Management Station，Jinan，Shandong 250100）

Abstract Taking the corn variety Mingtian 695 as the research object，conventional fertilization （treatment ①）， Lvjuneng compound fertilizer （treatment ②）， Zhongyanhongsifang corn slow-release fertilizer （treatment ③）， Jinzhengda controlled-release blended fertilizer （treatment ④），Luxi urea formaldehyde compound fertilizer （ Treatment ⑤）， Canlanhuihuang controlled-release blended fertilizer （treatment ⑥）， no nitrogen fertilizer （treatment ⑦）， a total of 7 treatments were set up，under the premise of the same nutrient input， the effects of five slow-release fertilizers on the yield traits， nutrient absorption and grain quality of Mingtian 695 were studied.The results showed that the yield， number of grains per spike， and 1 000-grain weight of treatments ② and ⑤ were significantly higher than those of other treatments， and the content of K in grains and the content of N， P， and K in the stalks were also higher;the contents of VC， soluble sugar and soluble protein in corn kernels under the treatments of 5 kinds of slow and controlled-release fertilizers were significantly higher than those of conventional fertilization treatments.According to comprehensive analysis，Lvjuneng compound fertilizer and Luxi urea formaldehyde compound fertilizer were better choices of slow and controlled release fertilizer for local corn cultivation.

Key words Corn;Slow and controlled release fertilizers;Yield trait;Nutrient absorption;Kernel quality

作者简介 徐峰（1973—），男，山东莒县人，高级农艺师，从事农作物新品种、新技术推广应用研究。

收稿日期 2021-08-23;修回日期 2021-09-06

玉米是我国三大粮食作物之一，具有生产周期短、营养价值高、附加值高等优点，在我国粮食生产中占有重要地位[1]。目前，我国在提高玉米产量方面主要是基于资源的高消耗和高投入，普遍存在氮肥过量施用等不合理现象，造成肥料利用效率低下，并导致严重的土壤污染和环境污染等问题[2]。研究指出，近30多年来，我国粮食产量增长率超过80%，但施用化肥量的增长率超过400%，粮食产量的增加速度远赶不上施用化肥量的增加速度[3];还有研究指出，我国玉米存在过量施用氮肥的现象，但玉米对氮肥的利用率只有30%左右，过量的氮肥施入土壤后有很大部分以氨气的形态排放至大气中，对环境产生污染[4]。……