炭基肥对烤烟产质量的影响

赵东 赵培富 尚关兴 杨华 陈鹏 董均兴

摘要 研究炭基肥对盘州烤烟生长发育及产质量的影响，设置常规施肥和增施炭基肥（1 200 kg/hm2）2个处理，在盘州保田镇、竹海镇、旧营乡分别开展了田间试验。结果表明，增施炭基肥能极显著促进烟株大田长势，提高烟株株高、可采叶数，促进叶片扩展;显著增强烟株对黑胫病、青枯病和赤星病的抗性，减少病害发生，降低病害危害程度;提高烤后烟叶等级质量和经济效益。

关键词 炭基肥;烤烟;经济性状;烟叶质量

中图分类号 S572  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611（2021）24-0182-03

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.24.044

Effect of Charcoal-based Fertilizer on Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and Quality

ZHAO Dong， ZHAO Pei-fu， SHANG Guan-xing  et al （Panzhou Branch of Liupanshui Tobacco Company， Panzhou，  Guizhou 553537）

Abstract In order to study the effects of charcoal-based fertilizer on the growth， yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Panzhou， two treatments of conventional fertilizer and additional charcoal-based fertilizer （1 200 kg/hm2） were set. Field experiments were carried out in Baotian Town， Zhuhai Town and Jiuying Township of Panzhou， respectively. The results showed that the application of carbon based fertilizer could significantly promote the field growth of tobacco plant， increase the plant height， the number of leaves available， and promote leaf expansion. The resistance of tobacco plant to black shank disease， bacterial wilt disease and red blight disease was significantly enhanced， and the occurrence and damage degree of the disease were reduced，improve the grade quality and economic benefit of cured tobacco leaves.

Key words Charcoal-based fertilizer;Flue-cured tobacco;Economic characters;Quality of tobacco leaves

基金项目

六盘水市烟草公司自立项目“六盘水市烟田土壤保育技术集成与推广应用”。

作者简介 赵东（1986—），男，四川通江人，助理农艺师，从事烟草栽培、烟叶分级、烘烤技术研究与推广。

通信作者，助理农艺师，从事烟草栽培、烘烤技术研究与推广。

收稿日期 2021-04-12

生物炭是指以生物质农林废弃物、植物组织或动物骨骼和排泄物等为原料，在高温缺氧条件下热解而形成的一种含碳丰富的固体物质[1]。由于其特殊的物理结构和功能特性，在改善土壤理化性状、调控土壤微生物数量及群落结构组成、削控土壤污染、提升作物产量和质量等方面的效果已得到广泛认可[2]。以生物炭为载体，与其他类型肥料混合制成的生物炭基肥，可弥补生物炭有效养分含量低的不足，同时可改善土壤状况，提高作物对养分的吸收利用及其品质[3-4]。龚亚琴等[5]通过盆栽试验表明，烟株生物量及对磷、钾的吸收量随烟秆生物质炭施用量的增加而增大。……