岱山县大衢镇帆张网渔具渔法调查

陈慧玲 郑基 查秉男 王俊凯

摘要 通过对岱山县大衢镇帆张网的渔具结构、装配技术、经济效益与存在的问题等进行调查，结果发现岱山县大衢镇帆张网是利用一个铁锚固定于底部，帆布及浮沉力使其网口扩张，借助水流将渔获物冲入网囊的一种作业方式，故属于单锚张纲型张网。该网具的主捕对象为带鱼、鲳鱼、鮸鱼、小黄鱼。帆张网捕捞量大、耗能低、经济效益高。由于其作业周期较短，故该作业网具属于家庭友好型网具。行业规范滞后，渔船装载量缺乏标准。管理部門应该规范船只装载行为，提升船只安全稳定性。捕捞生产作业空间越来越小，涉外事件频发。执法部门应严格执法，保证渔民能正常作业，减少涉外事件的发生。捕捞过程可能会兼捕幼鱼，主要原因是传统网具网囊为菱形网目，其受力时网目紧闭，无法有效释放幼鱼，建议网囊改为方形网目。

关键词 帆张网;家庭友好型;方形网目

中图分类号 S972  文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）24-0201-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.24.049

Investigation on Fishing Gear and Methods of Fan Zhang Net in Daqu Town of  Daishan County

CHEN Hui-ling1，ZHENG Ji1，2，ZHA Bing-nan1 et al （1.Zhejiang Ocean University， Zhoushan， Zhejiang 316022;2.Key Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Equipment Technology Research， Zhoushan， Zhejiang 316022）

Abstract The fishing gear structure， assembly technology， economic benefit and existing problems of Fan Zhang net in Daqu Town were investigated. The results showed that Fan Zhang net in Daqu Town of Daishan County was a kind of operation way which used an iron anchor to fix at the bottom，  canvas and floating platform expanded its net mouth， and the catch was washed into the net bag with the help of water flow， so it belonged to single anchor Zhang Gang type net. The main catch objects of the net were Trichiurus lepturus，butterfish， Miichthys miiuy，Pseudosciaena polyactis.Fan Zhang net had high output， low energy consumption and high economic benefits. Because of its short work cycle， so the operation net belonged to the family-friendly net. The industry norms were lagging behind and fishing vessel loading was lack of standards. The administrative departments should regulate ship’s loading behavior and improve ship’s safety and stability. The space for fishing operations was becoming smaller and smaller，  incidents involving foreign elements were frequent.  Law-enforcing departments should strictly enforce the law to ensure that fishermen can work normally and reduce the occurrence of foreign-related incidents. The main reason why young fishes might be caught during the fishing process was the traditional mesh was rhombus mesh， the mesh was closed under force， young fishes could be not effectively released.Therefore， it was suggested that the mesh should be changed to square mesh.

Key words Fan Zhang net;Family-friendly;Square mesh

基金项目 “水产”省一流学科2019年度开放课题;浙江省海洋装备技术研究重点实验室开放基金。

作者简介 陈慧玲（1997—），女，河南信阳人，硕士研究生，研究方向：渔业装备。通信作者，副教授，硕士生导师，从事渔具渔法研究。

收稿日期 2021-03-05

帆张网属于大型单锚张网，1984年由江苏启东渔民仿效韩国渔民鮟鱇鱼张网作业方式发展而来，后经江苏启东渔民和浙江渔民改造和革新，使该网网口迎流面积大，适应渔场范围广，适捕对象多，捕捞效率高[1]，且操作方便，能耗小，成本低，经济效益显著，因此逐渐被推广至浙江、福建等沿海省份。……