中国海水养殖效率分析

2021-01-05 20:57:31朱梓豪
安徽农业科学 2021年24期

摘要 基于2004—2019年中国沿海9省海水养殖面板数据,运用传统BCC-DEA模型和Malmquist生产率指数模型对我国海水养殖业进行了效率测算。结果表明:2004—2019年沿海9省海水养殖的整体效率不断提升,全要素生产率(tfpch)动态均值为1.051,增长5.1%;2004—2019年沿海9省海水养殖的综合效率(effch)动态均值为0.998,降低0.2%,部分省份海水养殖具有“粗放型”特征;全要素生产率的增长动力绝大部分来自技术进步;河北、浙江、辽宁3省的投入持续不足,投入产出组合需要进一步优化。结合研究结论为推动我国海水养殖业的绿色高效发展提出相关建议。

关键词 海水养殖;DEA;Malmquist指数;全要素生产率

中图分类号 S9-9  文献标识码 A  文章编号 0517-6611(2021)24-0213-04

doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.24.052

Efficiency Analysis of Mariculture in China

ZHU Zi-hao

(College of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022)

Abstract Based on the panel data of mariculture in 9 coastal provinces of China from 2004 to 2019, this paper estimated the efficiency of mariculture industry in China by using traditional BCC-DEA model and Malmquist productivity index model.Research conclusions: From 2004 to 2019, the overall efficiency of mariculture in the nine coastal provinces has been continuously improved, with the dynamic mean of total factor productivity (TFPCH) being 1.051, increasing by 5.1%;from 2004 to 2019, the dynamic mean of the comprehensive efficiency (EFFCH) of mariculture in 9 coastal provinces was 0.998, decreasing by 0.2%, and some provinces had the characteristics of “extensive” mariculture. Most of the growth of total factor productivity comes from technological progress. The input of Hebei, Zhejiang and Liaoning provinces continues to be insufficient, and the input-output mix needs further optimization.Based on the research conclusions, some suggestions are put forward to promote the green and efficient development of mariculture industry in China.

Key words Mariculture;DEA;Malmquist index;Total-factor productivity

作者簡介 朱梓豪(1997—),男,山东淄博人,硕士研究生,研究方向:海洋经济。

收稿日期 2021-04-21

新中国成立以来,我国海水养殖产业迅速发展,从1992年至今海水养殖产量稳居世界第一。《2020中国渔业统计年鉴》数据显示,2019年中国海水养殖产值为3 575.29亿元,养殖产品与捕捞产品的产值比例为79.5∶20.5。水产品养殖产量和养殖产值连年上升,有效缓解了渔业捕捞的压力,满足了海鲜产品的供给,优化了人民的食品消费结构。然而海水养殖迅速发展的背后也带来了环境污染和效率低下等问题。为解决以上问题,加强对渔业发展方向的引领,国务院及有关部门不断出台有关渔业健康发展、绿色水产养殖的政策意见。2019年发布的《关于加快推进水产养殖业绿色发展的若干意见》是第一个经国务院同意、专门针对水产养殖业的指导性文件,对我国水产养殖业绿色发展提出了具体要求,是当前和今后一个时期指导中国水产养殖业绿色发展的纲领性文件。……

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