黄婉桢 郑晓艳 黄瑾敏



【摘要】目的 了解并探讨未成年人的心理健康及自杀行为的影响因素,为提高未成年人心理健康水平、降低自杀行为提供科学依据。方法 以成都市急救指挥中心2016年1月1日至2021年5月31日8岁至18岁因轻生拨打120的数据以及信息资料进行回顾性分析,运用 SPSS 20.0 统计学软件进行统计分析与绘图。结果 未成年人自杀率呈逐年增高趋势,高年级未成年人自杀率高于低年级未成年人,女性未成年人自杀率高于男性未成年人。结论 未成年人的心理健康与自杀行为受家庭、学校、社会及个人等多方面因素的影响。因此社会各界应加强对未成年人心理健康与自杀行为的重视。
【关键词】未成年人;心理健康;轻生;自杀行为;影响因素
Analysis and discussion on the influencing factors of juvenile suicide behavior
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the psychological health of minors and the influencing factors of suicidal behavior, and to provide scientific basis for improving the mental health level of minors and reducing suicidal behavior.Methods The data and information of dialing 120 due to suicide on January 1, 2016 solstice and May 31, 2021 at Chengdu Emergency Command Center of 8 to 18 years old were analyzed. SPSS 20. 0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis and plotting.Results The suicide rate of minors increased year by year, the suicide rate of senior minors was higher than that of junior minors, and the suicide rate of female minors was higher than that of male minors.Conclusion The mental health and suicidal behavior of minors are affected by many factors, such as family, school, society and individual. Therefore, all walks of life should pay more attention to the mental health and suicidal behavior of minors.
【Key words】Minors ; Mental health ; suicide ; suicidal behavior ; Factors affecting
世界衛生组织(WHO)对自杀(Suicide)的定义为“一个人有意识的企图伤害自己的身体、以达到结束自己生命的行为”。自杀是一个医学问题,更是一个不容忽视的社会问题。根据世界卫生组织的报道,全球估计每年有超过80万人自杀死亡,而且实际上这个数据很可能被低估[1]。我国自杀率约为22.2/10万,自杀未遂率约为自杀成功者的10倍以上[2],而其中未成年人的自杀率占比不容忽视。2013年常微微等[3]曾报道我国青少年自杀意念发生率为17.99%,高于美国的15%[4],而且呈明显的低龄化趋势,未成年人的心理处于发展阶段,具有很强的可塑性和不稳定性,其基本特点是意志对行为的控制不够成熟,对心理状态和心理过程的内部控制和调节不够完善。……