蔬菜专用肥在娃娃菜上的应用试验初报

杨君林 汤莹 冯守疆 赵欣楠 张旭临

摘要：以娃娃菜品种金玉黄为指示品种，在甘肃河西绿洲灌溉农业区进行了蔬菜专用肥在娃娃菜上的应用田间试验。结果表明，与不施肥对照相比较，各施肥处理均可有效地提高娃娃菜经济性状、折合产量和经济效益。以施蔬菜专用肥1 500 kg/hm2（纯养分总量720 kg/hm2）处理的娃娃菜折合产量最高，为132 500 kg/hm2，较不施肥对照增产39.47%。总产值、净产值也均以施蔬菜专用肥1 500 kg/hm2最高，分别为106 000元/hm2和60 100元/hm2，较不施肥对照分别增加30 000元/hm2和 26 100元/hm2;产投比也最高，为2.31，较不施肥对照增加27.6%。

关键词：娃娃菜;蔬菜专用肥;应用效果;产量;经济效益

中图分类号：S147.2;S634.3    文献标志码：A    文章编号：1001-1463（2021）12-0022-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.1001-1463.2021.12.005

Application Test of Vegetable Special Fertilizer on Baby Cabbage

YANG Junlin， TANG Ying， FENG Shoujiang， ZHAO Xinnan， ZHANG Xulin

（Institute of Soil， Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture， Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Lanzhou Gansu 730070，China）

Abstract：Taking the baby cabbage cultivar Jinyuhuang as the indicator cultivar，a field experiment was carried out on the application effect of vegetable special fertilizer on cabbage in irrigated agricultural area of Hexi Oasis in Gansu Province. The results showed that compared with the control without fertilization，all fertilization treatments could effectively improve the economic characters， yield and economic benefits of cabbage. Applying vegetable special fertilizer 1 500 kg/hm2（total fertilizer 720 kg/hm2）was the highest amount of yield，it is 132 500 kg/hm2，39.47% higher than the control without fertilization;Total outputvalue and net output value were the highest with vegetable special fertilizer 1 500 kg/hm2，which were 106 000 yuan/hm2 and 60 100 yuan/hm2，compared with the control without fertilization，the increase was 30 000 yuan/hm2 and       26 100 yuan/hm2;The yield-input ratio was the highest with vegetable fertilizer of 1 500 kg/hm2， which was 2.31，27.6% higher than that without fertilizer.

Key words：Baby cabbage;Vegetable special fertilizer;Application effect;Yield;Economic benefits

娃娃菜具有很高的食用价值和经济效益[1 ]。娃娃菜对各种营养元素的需求量不同[2 - 4 ]，单施一种或两种肥料是很难实现娃娃菜的高产、高效及优质。化肥施用过量不仅造成单一营养元素的浪费，还会造成生态环境的污染[5 ]。研究开发蔬菜专用肥是提高蔬菜产量、改善蔬菜品质和提高肥料养分利用率的有效措施之一[6 - 7 ]，我们在多年试验研究的基础上，针对蔬菜的营养特性和土壤肥力状况研制开发出了蔬菜专用肥。该专用肥是一种专用型新型高效蔬菜复合肥，是蔬菜平衡施肥的产物，达到了养分平衡和合理施肥的目标。由于该肥料采用一次施入，有效地节约了娃娃菜生产成本，其推广应用将有效提高娃娃菜的產量、改善品质，减少蔬菜生产中施肥过量而造成的肥料浪费及生态污染[8 ]。……