不同土地利用方式对土壤磷有效性和溶磷细菌群落结构的影响

王敦刚 张俏燕 曹文超 周广帆 王进闯

摘  要：為探究不同土地利用方式对土壤磷有效性和溶磷细菌群落的影响，以海南省白沙县龙眼园（LO）和由龙眼园转化的有机茶园（OTP）、传统无机茶园（CTP）土壤为研究对象，利用Illumina高通量测序技术分析土壤phoD功能微生物的群落结构，研究土壤速效磷与phoD功能微生物和酸性磷酸酶的相关性。结果表明：龙眼园转换成无机茶园后，在0～10 cm土层，pH、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、速效钾（AK）和有机碳（SOC）含量显著降低。同时，在10～20 cm土层，pH、总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和有机碳（SOC）含量也显著降低。在0～10 cm土层，土壤速效磷（AP）含量在龙眼转化成有机茶园和无机茶园后分别降低了16%和71%。在10～20 cm土层，有机茶园土壤速效磷（AP）提高了56%，而无机茶园的速效磷（AP）含量降低了65%。相似性分析表明，土地利用方式明显改变了土壤phoD微生物群落结构。但是，土层深度并没有改变phoD微生物群落结构。RDA分析表明，土壤pH、总钾（TK）、速效钾（AK）和硝态氮（NO3–-N）是驱动phoD功能微生物群落结构分异的主要环境因子。土壤速效磷（AP）含量与phoD功能微生物密切相关，其中Betaproteobacteria在调控土壤磷的有效性中发挥重要作用。研究结果表明，龙眼园转化成茶园改变了phoD微生物群落结构，同时降低了有机茶园土壤总磷（TP）和无机茶园土壤有效磷（AP）含量。与无机茶园相比，有机管理可以提高土壤速效磷（AP）含量。

关键词：土地利用;有机管理;phoD功能微生物;土壤速效磷;酸性磷酸酶

中图分类号：S151.9      文献标识码：A

Abstract： To investigate the effects of different land use types on phosphorous availability and phosphate-solubilizing bacterial community， the soil of conventional inorganic managed Longan orchard （LO）， the organic managed tea plantation （OTP） transformed from Longan orchard and the conventional inorganic managed tea plantation （CTP） transformed from Longan orchard were studied in Baisha County， Hainan Island. In the study， the community structure of soil phoD functional microorganisms were determined by Illumina sequencing， and analyzed the correlation between soil AP and phoD functional microorganisms and acid phosphatase.After converting LO into CTP， the contents of TN， TP， AK， SOC and pH were significantly reduced in the 0-10 cm soil layer， and the contents of TN， TP， SOC and pH were significantly reduced in the 10-20 cm soil layer. After LO converting into OTP and CTP， the contents of soil AP decreased by 16% and 71% in the 0-10 cm soil layer， respectively. The content of soil AP was increased by 56% in the OTP and decreased by 65% in the CTP in the 10–20 cm soil layer. Moreover， the phoD functional microbial community structure was mainly affected by land use types， rather than soil depth. The RDA analysis revealed that soil pH， TK， AK and NO3–-N were the main influencing factors driving for phoD functional microbial community structure change. Meanwhile， the content of soil AP was closely related to phoD functional microorganisms and Betaproteobacteria. These results indicated that the transformation of LO into OTP and CTP changed the phoD microbial community structure and reduced the the content of TP in the soil of OTP and AP in the soil of CTP. Meanwhile， OTP could increase soil available phosphorus content compared with CTP.

Keywords： land use; organic management; phoD functional microorganisms; soil available phosphorus; acid phosphatase

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.035

磷是植物生长发育必需的营养元素[1]。热带地区高温、降雨等气候条件导致土壤高度风化，常表现土壤磷含量不足[2]。……