永兴岛岛礁植物害虫普查及风险评估

陈青 梁晓 伍春玲 刘迎 陈谦 韩志玲 伍牧峰

摘  要：為了有效监控永兴岛危险性害虫发生与危害，本研究对永兴岛可调查的所有陆地区域野生盐生植物、园林绿化植物、耐盐果蔬和绿色固沙植物害虫进行系统性普查及风险评估。普查结果表明：8种野生盐生植物上害虫（螨）19种，其中5种外来入侵害虫和11种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害;57种园林绿化植物上害虫（螨）33种，其中9种外来入侵害虫和17种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害;31种耐盐果蔬害虫（螨）36种，其中7种外来入侵害虫和20种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害;22种绿色固沙植物害虫（螨）15种，其中5种外来入侵害虫和5种世界危险性害虫普遍严重发生与危害。风险评估结果表明，椰心叶甲（Brontispa longissima）、木瓜秀粉蚧（Paracoccus marginatus）、扶桑绵粉蚧（Phenacoccus solenopsis）的综合风险值（R）均为2.09，在永兴岛均属于高度危险有害生物，椰子织蛾（Opisina arenosella）、波氏白背盾蚧（Diaspis boisduvalii）、新菠萝灰粉蚧（Dysmicoccu neobrevipes）、烟粉虱（Bemisia tabaci）、棕榈蓟马（Thrips palmi）、二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae）、瓜实蝇（Bactrocera cucuribitae）和美洲斑潜蝇（Liriomyza sativae）的R值分别为1.99、1.97、1.93、1.87、1.87、1.87、1.82和1.79，在永兴岛均属于中度危险有害生物。上述结果为永兴岛岛礁植物害虫发生与危害情况首次报道，为有效监控永兴岛生物安全提供了重要的基础信息支撑。

关键词：永兴岛;害虫普查;风险评估

中图分类号：S433      文献标识码：A

Abstract： The occurrence and damage of plant pests on Yongxing Island have not been reported so far. To effectively monitor the occurrence and damage of dangerous pests in Yongxing Island， this study conducted a systematic survey and risk assessment on all the pests of wild halophytes， landscape plants， salt-tolerant fruits and vegetables and sand-bander plants in Yongxing Island. The results of pest survey showed that there were 19 insects and mintes of 8 wild halophytes including 5 alien invasive pests and 11 world dangerous pests occurred and harmed seriously; 33 insects and mintes of 57 landscape plants including 9 alien invasive pests and 17 world dangerous pests occurred and harmed seriously; 36 insects and mintes of 31 salt-tolerant fruits and vegetables including 7 alien invasive pests and 20 world dangerous pests occurred and harmed seriously; 15 insects and mintes of 22 sand-bander plants including 5 alien invasive pests and 5 world dangerous pests occurred and harmed seriously. The results of risk assessment showed that Brontispa longissima， Paracoccus marginatus， Phenacoccus solenopsis were all high-risk pests in Yongxing Island and the R values of the three species were all 2.091， while Opisina arenosella， Diaspis boisduvalii， Dysmicoccu neobrevipes， Bemisia tabaci， Thrips palmi， Tetranychus urticae， Bactrocera cucuribitae and Liriomyza sativae were all moderate risk pests in Yongxing Island and the R values of the eight species were 1.99、1.97、1.93、1.87、1.87、1.87、1.82 and 1.79，respectively. These results were the first report on the occurrence and damage of plant pests in Yongxing Island， which will provide an important basic information support for the effective monitoring of biosafety in Yongxing Island.

Keywords： Yongxing Island; pests survey; risk assessment

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.001

永興岛属于中国南海西沙群岛东部的宣德群岛，是一座由白色珊瑚贝壳沙堆积在礁平台上而形成的西沙群岛陆地面积最大的珊瑚岛[1-2]。习近平总书记在2013年7月30日的讲话中指出：提高海洋资源开发能力，培育与壮大海洋战略性新兴产业，将建设海洋强国作为中国特色社会主义事业的重要组成部分[3]。……