基于GIS的海南岛芒果气候适宜性精细化区划研究

张明洁 张亚杰 张京红 杨静 林绍伍

摘  要：以海南岛18个国家气象站1966—2019年的日观测数据为基础，对海南岛18个市（县）芒果单产的气象产量与其各生育期气温、降水、日照、相对湿度等做相关分析，选取花期平均气温、果实发育期平均气温、年≥10 ℃积温作为区划指标，同时考虑坡度因素的影响，采用集优法基于GIS开展了海南岛芒果种植精细化气候区划。结果表明，海南岛芒果種植气候适宜区主要分布在昌江、东方、乐东、三亚、陵水、万宁、琼海等西部南部和东部市（县）的沿海乡（镇），不适宜区主要分布在五指山大部、白沙南部、昌江南部、乐东东北部、三亚北部、陵水北部等市（县）地形陡峭的山地，其余为次适宜区。区划结果可为海南岛芒果种植布局规划和产业结构调整提供科学依据。

关键词：芒果;气候适宜性;区划;精细化;海南岛

中图分类号：P49      文献标识码：A

Abstract： Based on the observation data of 18 national meteorological stations in Hainan from 1966 to 2019， the correlation between meteorological yield of mango per unit area and temperature， precipitation， sunshine and relative humidity of mango in each growth period in 18 cities and counties of Hainan Island was analyzed，and the average temperature at flowering stage， average temperature at fruit development stage and annual accumulated temperature≥10 ℃ were selected as regionalization indexes when the influence of slope factor was considered. Based on GIS， the refined climate regionalization of mango planting in Hainan was carried out by using the method of set optimization. The climate suitable areas for mango planting in Hainan are mainly distributed in the coastal towns of Changjiang， Dongfang， Ledong， Sanya， Lingshui， Wanning， Qionghai， etc. The unsuitable areas are mainly distributed in most of Wuzhishan， south of Baisha， south of Changjiang， northeast of Ledong， north of Sanya and north of Lingshui. And the other areas are sub-suitable areas. The results could provide scientific basis for the planning of mango planting layout and industrial structure adjustment in Hainan Island.

Keywords： mango; climatic suitability; regionalization; fine; Hainan Island

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.039

芒果是原产印度的漆树科常绿大乔木，是著名的热带水果之一[1]。中国是世界上收获面积第二的芒果生产国，芒果产业大规模发展始于20世纪60年代，目前处于调整阶段，总体呈增长趋势，主要分布在海南、云南、广东、广西等热带亚热带省份。气候条件特别是芒果种植地的小气候条件是影响芒果产量和品质优劣的重要因素。为了提高芒果产量和品质，开展芒果种植气候适宜性精细化区划具有重要意义。

目前，已有部分学者从不同角度，选取气候适宜性区划指标，开展了广东[2]、广西[3]、贵州[4]、福建[1]、四川攀枝花[5]、云南元阳县[6]等省或市（县）的芒果气候适宜性区划研究。……