海南青枯病抗、感桑品种根际土壤真菌群落多样性分析

涂娜娜 武华周 娄德钊 卢芙萍 耿涛 王树昌

摘  要：通过比较青枯病抗、感桑品种根际土壤真菌群落结构与多样性差异，分析根际真菌群落与桑树青枯病抗性的相关性。采用Illumina Miseq高通量测序技术，对青枯病抗性桑品种‘抗青283’ב抗青10’和易感桑品种‘强桑1号’根际土壤真菌群落ITS1-ITS2区域进行扩增、测序，分析了2种桑品种根际真菌群落结构与多样性。（1）‘抗青283’ב抗青10’根际优势菌门主要为囊菌门（54.86%）、担子菌门（24.67%）、接合菌门（3.17%），优势菌属主要为淡紫拟青霉属（5.71%）、镰孢菌属（5.43%）、旋孢腔菌属（1.29%）;‘强桑1号’根际优势菌门主要为囊菌门（68.04%）、担子菌门（15.12%）、接合菌门（1.90%），优势菌属主要为腐质霉属（8.46%）、镰孢菌属（5.44%）、旋孢腔菌属（2.22%）。（2）抗性品种根际土壤中起重要作用的真菌群落为：海壳科、小皮伞科、球囊霉目_f_uncultured，而易感品种根际土壤中起重要作用的真菌群落为：毛孢壳目、赤壳科、干朽菌科、Cantharellales-fam-incertae-sedis。（3）抗性品种根际检测到淡紫拟青霉属和丛枝菌根真菌球霉菌目均为广泛应用的生防菌，推测与其抗性有直接关系。虽然2种桑品种根际土壤优势真菌群落丰度无显著差异，但抗性品种根际检测到丰度更高的淡紫拟青霉属和丛枝菌根球霉菌目，可能与其抗性有关。该研究结果为海南桑青枯病拮抗真菌的筛选与防控技术的研究奠定了基础。

关键词：桑树;根际土壤;真菌群落;多样性;生物防治

中圖分类号：S154.3;S888.71      文献标识码：A

Abstract： The structure and diversity of fungi communities in mulberry rhizosphere soil were analyzed to indicate the correlation with resistance and susceptibility to bacterial wilt. The ITS1-ITS2 region of fungi were amplified and se-quenced to analyze the structure and diversity of fungi communities in resistant mulberry variety ‘Kangqing 283’ × ‘Kangqing 10’ and susceptible mulberry variety Qiangsang 1 by Illumina miseq high-throughput sequencing technology. The dominant phylum of ‘Kangqing 283’ × ‘Kangqing 10’ were Cystophyta （54.86%）， Basidiomycota （24.67%） and Zygomycota （3.17%）， while the dominant genus Paecilomyces （5.71%）， Fusarium （5.43%） and Cochilobolus （1.29%）. The dominant phylum in ‘Qiangsang 1’ were Cystophyta （68.04%）， Basidiomycota （15.12%） and Zygomycota （1.90%）， while the dominant genus Pythium （8.46%）， Fusarium （5.44%） and Cochilobolus （2.22%）. The most important fungi communities in the rhizosphere soil of resistant varieties were Conchochaetales， Crustaceaceae and uncultured families of Angiosporaceae， while Coniochaetales， Crustaceaceae， Serpulaceae and Cantharellales-fam-incertae-sedis in the sensitive varieties. Paecilomyces and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Coccidiales are widely used as the biocontrol fungi， which were found as the dominant fungi in the rhizosphere soil of resistant varieties and might be directly related to the resistance. Although there were no significant differences in the fungi communities abundance of the two mulberry varieties， the dominant fungi such as Penicillium and arbuscular mycorrhizal Angiocystidea detected in the resistant varieties were closely related with its resistance. The results yield insights to screen antagonistic fungi and effective control methods against mulberry bacterial wilt in Hainan province.

Keywords： mulberry; rhizosphere soil; fungi community; diversity; biological control

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.038

土壤为植物的生长提供必需的营养元素和水分，是植物健康生长生存的基础，植物在生长过程中通过根系分泌物也向土壤中释放各种有机和无机物质，对土壤微生物种群多样性、数量和分布有很大的影响[1]。……