百香果连作对土壤细菌群落结构的影响

蔡国俊 郭春艳 谭仲廷 吴凤婵 李安定 张丽敏 彭熙

摘  要：细菌群落在土壤健康和植物的生长中起着重要作用，而作物的连作对其有着显著的影响。为探明百香果连作对土壤细菌群落结构和多样性的影响，本研究以种植‘台农1号’百香果1年（TF）、2年（TS）、3年（TT）、4年（TFo）及0年（撂荒地，TZ）的土壤为材料，利用Illumina高通量测序技术对不同种植年限土壤细菌群落结构及多样性开展分析研究。结果表明，所有土壤样本共检测出2418个OTUs，分属28门、70纲、170目、269科、465属、963种，其中变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）和放线菌门（Actinobacteria）是主要的优势菌门，细菌群落的丰富度和多样性指数随连作年限的增加表现为先增加后降低。分析发现，百香果连作对土壤细菌群落结构有显著影响，其中绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）和芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus）的相对丰度随连作年限的增加而显著升高，研究结果可为百香果连作障碍发生机制的进一步研究提供依据。

关键词：西番莲;连作障碍;高通量测序;细菌群落多样性;土壤微生物

中图分类号：S667.9      文獻标识码：A

Abstract： Soil bacteria play key roles in determining soil health and plant growth. Previous studies showed that conti-nuous cropping of crops altered a significant imbalance of soil bacteria communities. Five soil samples from 0 year to 4 years （TZ， TF， TS， TT， TFo ） of continuous cropping P. edulis were used as the materials， 16S rRNA was analyzed based on the Miseq platform of Illumina Company to study the soil bacterial community structure and diversity in different continuous cropping years of P. edulis. A total of 2418 OTUs for bacterial diversity were generated from the five sam-ples， which were classified in 28 phyla， 70 classes， 170 orders， 269 families， 465 genera and 963 species. Among them， Proteobacteria， Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria were the dominant phylum in the tested samples. The Ace， Chao， Shannon and Coverage index of soil bacteria increased first and then decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years. Continuous cropping of P. edulis had a significant impact on the structure of soil bacterial communities， but the influence rule on the main types species was different from the research results of other crops， with the relative abundance of Chloroflexi， Firmicutes and Bacillus increased with the increase of continuous cropping years. The research results would provide a research foundation and theoretical basis for the mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles of P. edulis in the further studies.

Keywords： passion fruit; continuous cropping obstacles; high-throughput sequencing; bacterial diversity; soil microbial

DOI： 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2021.12.036

百香果（Passiflora edulis Sims， 2n=18）原产北美洲，是西番莲科（Passifloraceae）西番莲属（Passiflora）植物[1]，其在食用和药用等方面具有较大的社会经济价值，在巴西、哥伦比亚、越南等国家及我国台湾地区广泛用于鲜果、饮料、香料等商业化发展[2-4]。百香果于20世纪80年代引入我国大陆地区，目前，在我国南部的广西、福建、海南、广东，及西南的贵州和云南等地区的种植面积已逾4万hm2[5]，因其当年种植当年见效，近年来，百香果产业在脱贫攻坚过程中起到了重要的作用，其中，贵州省自2019年以来，便将百香果作为主要的扶贫产业进行规模化发展，种植面积已超过1万hm2。……