本科实习护生教育欺凌与职业认同的相关性分析

张利兵

摘要：目的了解本科护生在医院实习期间遭受欺凌行为的现状，并探讨欺凌行为与职业认同的相关性。方法  2021年5月，以便利抽样法选取浙江省5所高校的191名本科实习生，采用一般资料调查表、中文版护生遭受欺凌行为测评量表、护生职业认同问卷进行横断面调查。结果本科实习护生欺凌得分为（13.0±10.5）分，89.5%的实习护生遭受过欺凌行为;不同性别、与父母关系的融洽度、与临床带教关系的融洽度的实习护生，其遭受欺凌得分比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。本科实习护生职业认同得分为（61.4±10.3）分，欺凌行为与职业认同呈负相关（P<0.01）。结论本科实习护生遭受欺凌行为的发生率偏高，建议护理教育部门应加强对实习护生预防、识别、应对欺凌行为能力的培养，临床带教应与实习护生建立良好的师生关系，以减少欺凌行为的发生，提高其职业认同水平。

关键词：护生欺凌临床实习职业认同

中图分类号：G444;R47-4文献标识码：A   文章编号：1672-3791（2021）11（c）-0000-00

Abstract： Objective  To understand the present situation of bullying behaviors experienced by undergraduate nursing students during their internship in hospital，and to explore the correlation between bullying behaviors in hospital and professional identity. Methods  191 students were selected as research objects from five universities in Zhejiang province by convenience sampling method during June 2021.The general information questionnaire， the Chinese version of the bullying behaviors in nursing education scale and the questionnaire of professional identity for nursing students were used for investigation. Results   The score of bullying behaviors in 191 students was （13.0±10.5）， and the score of professional identity was （61.4±10.3）.89.5% of the students had been bullied.There were statistically significant differences on professional identity among students with different genders， the parent-child relationship and the relationship with clinical nursing instructors （P<0.05）.There was a negative correlation between the scores of bullying behaviors and professional identity （P<0.01）. Conclusion  The incidence of bullying among undergraduate nursing students is relatively high.The nursing education department should enhance the nursing students’ ability to prevent， identify and deal with bullying in clinical settings，and clinical nursing instructors should establish a good teacher-student relationship with interns，so as to reduce the occurrence of bullying and improve the level of professional identity of nursing interns.

KeyWords： Nursing students;Bullying; Clinical practice; Professional identity

欺凌行為是指个人持续反复地遭受言语、身体、人际关系和社会排斥等负性行为[1]。护士遭受工作场所欺凌是全球医疗卫生行业一个普遍的问题，护生接受护理教育过程中也存在此类问题，尤其是在临床实习阶段。与临床护士相比，实习护生欠缺临床经验且心理防御机制尚不成熟，更易受到欺凌的伤害[2]。欺凌不仅会导致护生产生悲伤、焦虑、恐惧等心理症状，出现失眠、疲劳、胸闷等生理症状[3，4]，甚至还会导致其职业认知改变，影响护理行业持续健康发展。……