染色体分散仪在外周血染色体标本制备中的应用

明盛金 马洪熹 黄滢 钟锦萍 吴文跃 黄瑶 陈学杰

【摘要】 目的 探讨Thermotron Model CDS-5染色体分散仪在外周血染色体制备中的应用。

方法 使用染色体分散仪控制染色体滴片时的环境温度及湿度，在不同温度/湿度组合下制备染色体并对制备成功率、分散效果进行分析。同时与传统滴片法制备染色体的成功率、分散效果进行比较。

结果 在一定温度和相对湿度范围内，升高温度和湿度可以提高染色体的制备成功率和分散效果。超过温度和湿度阈值时，染色体制备成功率、分散效果反而下降。将Thermotron Model CDS-5染色体分散仪温度设为25℃，湿度设为55%时，染色体分散效果最好。染色体制备成功率、分散效果优于传统滴片法（P<0.001）。

结论 Thermotron Model CDS-5染色体分散仪在最佳温度/湿度组合下可制备出优质的染色体，提高染色体核型分析的准确性，值得向各实验室推广。

【关键词】 染色体分散仪;  染色体;  制备成功率;分散效果

中图分类号：R440   文献标志码：A   DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1003-1383.2021.12.008

【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the application of Thermotron Model CDS-5 chromosome disperser in the preparation of chromosomes in peripheral blood.

Methods Chromosome dispersing apparatus was used to control the ambient temperature and humidity of chromosome drops. Chromosomes were prepared under different temperature/humidity combinations， and the success rate of preparation and dispersion effect were analyzed.At the same time， the success rate and dispersion effect of chromosome preparation were compared with that with traditional dropping method.

Results In a certain range of temperature and relative humidity， increasing temperature and humidity could improve the success rate of chromosome preparation and dispersion quality.When the temperature and humidity threshold were exceeded， the success rate of chromosome preparation and the dispersion quality decreased.When the temperature of Thermotron Model CDS-5 chromosome disperser was set to 25℃ and humidity was set to 55%， the chromosome dispersion effect was the best. The success rate of chromosome preparation and the dispersion effect were better than than those of the traditional dropping method.

Conclusion Thermotron Model CDS-5 chromosome disperser can produce high quality chromosomes and improve the accuracy of chromosome karyotype analysis under the optimal combination of temperature and humidity.It is worth popularizing to various laboratories.

【Key words】 chromosome disperser; chromosome; preparation success rate; dispersion effect

隨着高通量测序技术在染色体病检测中的应用与推广，检测范围进一步扩大，检测成本大幅下降，在临床应用中被越来越多的医务工作者和患者所接受[1]。但是，染色体核型分析依然是染色体病诊断的金标准[2]。在染色体核型分析工作中，高质量的染色体是核型分析准确性的重要保证。理想的染色体核型应该是分散均匀、很少或无相互交叠、分辨率高、带纹清晰的。由于染色体的制备过程复杂，标本制备的质量与多种因素有关，包括培养基的质量、低渗过程中吹打的力度、低渗时间、固定液中甲醇和冰醋酸的比例、滴片的方式、滴片环境中的温湿度、气流的控制等等[3～6]。……